Environmental Studies (30 Marks)
Content (12 Marks)
E (i) SCIENCE
1.LIVING WORLD
Living and non-living things - Characteristics of living organisms
Plants -Types of plants- Herb, shrub, Tree, basing on habitat – Terrestrial, Aquatic, Desert etc, plant parts -functions
Animals – Animals around us – Oviparous, viviparous; herbivore, carnivore, omnivore; shelters of different animals, Birds – beaks, Domestic animals, Wild animals, Types of animals basing on habitat, herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, Animals sounds, Movements in animals, Different types of habitat and adaptation, Homes of animals, Nests of birds.
Human beings - Body parts, Healthy body – good habits, Sense organs and their care, concern for differently abled persons, Good touch and Bad touch, Skeletal parts – Bones, Joints, Cartilage; muscles, Safety measures – at home, school safety, Road safety, water hazards, First- aid.
Food - Food, Need of food, Sources of food – plants, animals, Types of food, Cooked and raw foods, Utensils, Mid-day meal, Methods of preparing food, Food wastage, Preservation of food, Good food habits, Our food, Components of food, Balanced diet, Junk food, Deficiency diseases
Agricultural Practices, Tools used in agriculture, Methods of agriculture, Storage of food, Food from Animals, Food for birds and animals.
Family - Role of family members, Family Tree, Types of family, Changing family structure, Family Budget, Shelter for all, Different types of houses, Home appliances, Migration – Reasons, Effects, Slums, Homeless people.
Cell – The basic unit of life, Types of cells, Cell structure and function.
Microorganisms - Introduction to microorganisms – types, Useful Microorganisms, Harmful microorganism.
Games and recreation- indoor, outdoor, local games, uses, materials used and the rules.
2. LIFE PROCESSES
Nutrition - Nutrition in plants – Autotrophic, Parasitic, saprophytic, Insectivorous, Different ways of taking food, Digestion in humans, Digestion in grass eating animals, feeding and digestion in amoeba.
Respiration - Types of respiration, Respiration in animals, Respiration in plants,
Circulation - Circulatory system in human being -Transport of substances in plants. Excretion in animals,
Coordination- Nervous system,
Reproduction - Modes of reproduction – sexual, asexual and vegetative, Seed dispersal, Sexual and Asexual Reproduction in Animals, Adolescence and puberty – changes, role of hormones, Reproductive phase, Sex determination, Hormones other than sex hormones, Metamorphosis, Reproductive health
3. NATURAL PHENOMENA - OBJECTS AND MATERIALS
Objects around us – Properties of materials - classification of materials, Properties and uses of
Metals and Non-metals, Reactivity order of metals, Methods of separation– Saturated and unsaturated solutions. Acids, bases and salts, indicators, Neutralization, Physical and chemical changes, Rusting of Iron, Galvanization, Crystallization,
MEASUREMENT OF DISTANCES – MOTION
Measurement of distances, Standard units and non-standard units of measurements, Motion and rest, Types of motion, Motion and time – speed, average speed, Uniform and non-uniform motions, Measurement of time, Time period, Units of time and speed, Measuring speed, Distance-time graph,
LIGHT
Light, shadows, and reflections, Transparent, opaque and translucent objects, pin hole camera, mirrors and reflection, Regular and Diffused Reflection, multiple images, kaleidoscope, periscope, Characteristics of images formed by mirrors, Spherical mirrors and images, Lenses and images, Sunlight – dispersion, Human Eye, Care of the Eyes, Braille System, Visually Impaired Persons
ELECTRICITY
Simple electric circuit and its components, Symbols of electric components, Electric conductors and insulators, Heating effects of electric current, CFL, LED, Fuse and MCB, Magnetic effects of electric current, Electromagnet, Electric bell, Chemical Effects Of Electric Current, Good/Poor Conducting Liquids, Electroplating.
MAGNETISM
Magnets – Discovery of magnets, Magnetic and non magnetic substances, Types of magnets, Properties of magnets, Magnetic compass, Storing of magnets.
HEAT
Heat – temperature, measuring temperature, Units of temperature, Types of Thermometers, Transfer of heat – conduction, convection, radiation.
FORCE, FRICTION AND PRESSURE
Force – push or pull, Exploring forces, net force, Effect of force on objects, Contact and non contact forces, Pressure, Fluid pressure, Atmospheric pressure, Friction, Factors effecting friction, Friction: A necessary evil, Increasing and reducing friction, Types of friction.
COMBUSTION AND FUELS
Exhaustible and inexhaustible resources, Fuels – Types, Coal, Uses of Coal and Coal products, Refining of petroleum, Petrochemical products in various sectors, Various Constituents of Petroleum and their Uses, Formation of coal and petroleum, Natural Gas, Misuse of Energy resources and Consequences. Combustion, Types of Combustion, Ignition temperature,
Inflammable substances, Flame, Fuel Efficiency, Burning of Fuels Leads to Harmful Products, Fire control, Structure off lame– colour zones – Intensities.
FIBRES
Natural and Synthetic fibres, Preparation and uses, Types and Characteristics of Synthetic Fibres, Our dress our culture, Kinds of cloths we wear in winter and summer, Plastics as Materials of Choice, Types of plastics, Plastics and environment, Biodegradable – Non biodegradable materials.
SOUND
Sound - a form of energy, Production of sound, Some musical instruments, Propagation of sound, Human ear, Hearing Impairment, Noise and Music, Types of waves (longitudinal and transverse), Characteristics of sound waves (Wavelength, Frequency, Time period, Speed of the wave), Pitch, Loudness and Quality, Audible and Inaudible sounds, Noise pollution.
SOME NATURAL PHENOMENA
The Story of Lightning, Charging by Rubbing, Electric charge and properties of electric charge, Types of charges and their interactions, Transfer of charge, lightning, lightning safety, lightning conductors, Earthquake, Tsunami, Causes and effects, Protective measures.
OUR UNIVERSE
The Moon, The Moon’s Surface, Phases of Moon, Eclipses (Solar and lunar eclipses), The Stars, Movement of Stars (Constellation, pole star), Movement of the Sun, Solar System, Planets and Some Other Members of the Solar System, Artificial Satellites.
4. TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION
Transportation - Story of transport – Objects- signs and signboards used for transport- Places associated with transport- Modes of travel in the present and in the past- Methods of transport in different topographical conditions (Transport in hilly areas, Forest, Deserts, Snowy areas, Rivers & Canals)- Need for an international transport -Import and export of the goods- different means of transport of goods- Importance of tourism and seven wonders of the world.
Communication - Means and objects of Communication- Types of Communication both in Human and Animals ( different feelings and gestures) Modern forms of communication- Communication used in the past and present- Advantage of Mass Communication- Communication through Postcard, Cell Phone, E-Mail, News Paper, Radio, TV, and Social Media etc.,
How communication and transport brings the entire world together.
5. PROFESSIONSAND SERVICES
House hold materials with reference to profession (farmer, cobbler, tailor etc)-Different professions and their need to the society- villager/farmer (seeds/manure/ agri methods etc.,) ,
helping agents ( bank, e- seva, PHC, panchayat office, post office/etc.,) Governance and Services - Local Self Govt, State, Central Govt, Judiciary.
6.OUR ENVIRONMENT
Climate – Climate change, Weather- Climate- rain- floods- Cyclones- disaster management, Global environmental issues – Green house effect, Global warming, Acid rains. Eco friendly activities, Say no to plastic.
Air - Presence of air, Components of air, Properties of air, Availability of oxygen to animals and plants, Replacement of oxygen in the atmosphere, uses of air, Nitrogen cycle, Air pollution -causes, effects and prevention.
Water - Forms of water, Uses of water, source, scarcity, protected water, wastage of water, Water resources, Tank pollution, safe drinking water, tank management, journey of rain drop – Water cycle, water magic, water properties, Water resources, major rivers in AP, fisherman, water transport, tragedy of rivers, drought and floods, water pollutions - Causes, effects and prevention. Sewage, Treatment of polluted water, Better house keeping practices, Sanitation and Disease, Alternative arrangement for sewage disposal.
Biodiversity - Forests, Flora, fauna, interrelation of organisms, Green world, Advantages of forests, Deforestation - effects, Chipko movement, Conservation of forest and wildlife – Protecting areas, endangered and endemic species.
Methodology (3 Marks)
Concept and scope of Environmental Studies (Science)
Aims & Objectives of teaching Environmental Studies (Science)
Academic Standards of Teaching EVS Relation to Science
Curriculum and its transactional process –Teaching Methodology
Teaching Learning Material (TLM)
Evaluation procedures – CCE.
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