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Concord (Agreement)సరైన జోడింపు

Agreement needs two or more parties. In a language, especially English, the agreement is needed between
1. Sub-Verb
2. Sub-Pronoun
3, Agreement of Style

Sub-Verb Agreement
Both the Subject and Verb should agree. This is needed in any language.
తమాషా పిట్టకథ:
Passenger: Who is the Station Master?
Station Master: Yes, I is the Station Master?
Passenger: Oh, are you the Station Master?
Station Master: Yes, I are the Station Master?
This is funny to read. But, if someone uses this kind of expressions...?
In Telugu, we cannot say "atanu vachchindi" [అతను వచ్చింది.] "aame chesadu" [ఆమె చేశాడు]
Similarly, in English also, we have to follow such same principles. Look at the following sentences:
  • He do not like rice. (He does not like rice)
  • You has to learn this for professional growth. (You have to learn.)
  • Most of the kids likes chocolates. (Most of the kids like chocolates.)
  • The number of mangoes in this basket are two dozens. (..basket is..)
పై వాక్యాల్లో సమస్య ఏమిటంటే వాక్యంలోని subjectను సరిగ్గా గుర్తించి దానితో verbను జోడించడం.
The number of mangoes in this basket is two dozens.
Many people think that the subject is 'mangoes' and hence, they conjugate with as 'are'. కానీ కింది వాక్యాన్ని పరిశీలించండి:
A number of students have complained against the BIE, Telangana.
పై వాక్యంలో subject 'students' కాబట్టి దాని ప్రకారం ఠ్ఛిటఛని ఉపయోగించాలి.

A small tip: A number of ... సాధారణంగా బహువచనంగానే వాడుతారు (eg. A number of animals, a number of policemen, a number of cars etc.)
The number of… సాధారణంగా ఏకవచనంగానే వాడుతారు (The number of electrons in a Carbon atom is six. The number of tigers in the reserve forest has gone up.)
  1. The number of students in basic science courses ____ (is/are) fast dwindling. (is)
  2. Just outside the ruins____(is/are) a castle which is surrounded by high walls and tall trees. (is)
Majority:
Majority ఏకవచనమే. కానీ దానితో పాటు బహువచన నామవాచకాలు ఉంటే దాన్ని బహువచన నామవాచకంగానే ఉపయోగిస్తారు.
The majority in the class is against it.
The majority of the students in the class are against it.
Subjects such as 'Acoustics' 'Economics' act as singular subject.
  • Acoustics is a branch of Physics dealing with sound system in an enclosed place.
  • Economics is a very important topic in planning.
  • Gymnastics is a kind game to display physical strength, balance and agility.
  • Phonetics is a branch of language dealing with how sounds are pronounced.
But in sentences such as below it is treated as a plural subject because it involves several factors:
  • The acoustics of this theatre are bad.
  • The economics of running an educational institute are different from those of running a factory.
  • His gymnastics were very funny while walking on the slippery canal bank.

is/are have/has

పై వాటిని ఎలా ఉపయోగించాలో ఒకసారి పునశ్చరణ చేసుకుందాం. With Singular Nouns we use 'is' and with Plural Nouns we use 'are'.

I                     He
We have         She has
They               It

ఈ కింది వాక్యాలను చూడండి.
1. How many days ___ February? (has/have)
2. None of the students _____ understood the poem. (has/have)

కింది వాక్యాలలో ఖాళీలను సరిగ్గా పూరించండి.
  1. Radha as well as her friends ______ (is/are) going to a movie tonight.
  2. Neither Karim nor his parents ____ (is/are) willing to migrate to Middle East.
  3. Either his friends or my son ____ (is/are) responsible for this.
  4. The leader, along with his wife and two sons, _____ (was/were) received at the entrance of the temple with due ceremony.
  5. The Family Planning Minister, accompanied by his wife and 5 children, _____ (has/have) taken a holy dip in the river.
  6. Each of the students ____ contributed for the success of the function. (has/have)
పై వాక్యాల్లోని (i)లో "as well as‘ ప్రయోగించినప్పుడు ముందు వచ్చిన subject తోనే జోడించాలి
Since Radha is a singular noun, we have to say ...her friends is going to a movie to night. As well as means 'and' but grammatically the above principle is used. But if you say Radha and her friends, you have to use are going to a movie tonight. Same is the case if you say Her friends as well as Radha are going to a movie tonight.

పైన ఇచ్చిన (ii), (iii) వాక్యాల్లో మనం Principle of Proximityని ఉపయోగించాలి. అంటే verb పక్కన ఏది ఉంటే దాన్ని subjectగా తీసుకోవాలి
In (iv), (v) and (vi ) మొదట వచ్చిన దానినే subject గానే భావించాలి


Plural Nouns(బహువచన నామవాచకాలు)

కొన్ని నామవాచకాలను బహువచనంగానే వాడుతారు. కానీ వాటిని ఏకవచన నామవాచకాలుగా వాడదలుచుకుంటే వాటిని "a pair of" తో వాడాలి.
scissors, glasses, jeans, pliers, pants, trousers, knickers, etc.
  • Jeans are comfortable during the journeys.
  • A pair of jeans are ideal for journeys.
  • Where are the scissors that I kept on the table?
  • A pair of scissors is very handy at home.
  • Your glasses are on the table.
  • An extra pair of glasses is to be carried when we travel.
కొన్ని నామవాచకాలను ఏకవచనంగాను లేదా బహువచనంగానూ వాడుతారు. ఉదాహరణ police, committee, Group
  1. The police ___ (is/are) looking for the blast suspects. (organization)
  2. The police __ (is/are) on strike. (persons)
  3. The gentry of the town ___ (was/were) invited to the reception.
"Many a"ను ఒక ఏకవచన నామ వాచకంతో ప్రయోగించినప్పుడు అది ఏకవచన subjectగానే పనిచేస్తుంది. అంటే అర్థం బహువచనమైనప్పటికీ వ్యాకరణ రీత్యా అది ఏకవచన subject అవుతుంది.
  1. Many persons _____ (has/have) visited me while I was in hospital.
  2. Many a soldier (has/have) lost their lives during the border skirmishes.
  3. He was warned many a time. (several times)
ఈ కింది ఇచ్చిన వాక్యాలను చూడండి. వాటిలో కొన్నింటిలో 'sub-verb' agreement సమస్య ఉంది. వాటిని కనుక్కొని సరిచేయండి.
  1. The alphabet of Telugu are more or less similar to that of Kannada.
  2. The average age at which people begin to need glasses vary considerably.
  3. The ability to retain a mental record of earlier experiences are referred to as memory.
  4. Flowers produce seeds and thereby carries on the reproductive process of their species.
  5. Jagannath mostly skip his lunch because he eats a heavy breakfast.
Key
1. Telugu is more
2. glasses varies
3. experiences is referred
4. thereby carry on the
5. mostly skips
Published date : 18 Jun 2019 11:18AM

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