In this chapter a word or message is coded according to a definite pattern or rule. An aspirant is expected to identify the pattern or rule to decode the given word or message so that the same pattern can be applied to code or decode another word or message.
Types of coding-decoding
I. Letter Coding: In this coding certain letters of alphabet stand for certain other letters of the alphabet.
II. Number Coding: In this coding letters are replaced by position of the letter in English alphabet.
Now let us look at different types of letter coding.
1. Forward Sequence Pattern: Here each letter is coded by its next letter in alphabet.
For ex: If 'DREAMS' is coded as "ESFBNT" then how will you code 'POLICE'?
coded by next letters in alphabet
So the letters of the word "POLI CE" will be coded by their next letters of alphabet "QPMJDF".
2. Backward Sequence Pattern: In this type each letter is coded by its preceding letter in English alp habet. For ex: If 'DREAMS' is coded as "CQDZLR" then how 'CARNAGE' will be coded?
In the above pattern the letters of the word 'DREAMS' viz
coded by the preceding letters in English alphabet
In the same way the letters of the word "CARNAGE" will be coded as "BZQMZFD"
3. Skipped Sequence Pattern: In this pattern each letter is coded by a letter obtained after skip ping certain number of letters in English alphabet. In such patterns continuity of letters is maintained i.e Z is followed by A without disturbing the continuity.
For e.g. If 'DREAMS' is coded as "FUIFSZ" then how will you code 'SAKSHI'?
In the above coding D, R, E, A, M and S are coded by letters obtai ned after skipping 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 letters i.e 'D' by 'F' (skip 1), 'R' by 'U' (skip 2), 'E' by 'I' (skip 3) and so on.
In the same way skip 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 letters for the letters S, A, K, S, H and I to obtain U, D, O, X, N and P. Therefore 'SAKSHI' will be coded as "UDOXNP'.
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4. Coding in fictious language: Here a new fictious language is used to code words. In such questions, the codes for a group of words is usually given. By eliminating the common words we may find out the codes for each word. The procedure is explained below:
In a certain code language 'hit bit mit' means 'git rim nit', 'sit pit mit' means 'lit git tit' and 'fit zit pit' means 'dit vit tit'. What does 'sit' stand for in that code lang uage?
In the first two sentences 'mit' is a common word and in the corres ponding codes 'git' is common word.
Therefore 'mit' is coded as 'git'. Similarly in the second and third sentences the word 'pit' is common and in the correspo-nding code language 'tit' is common word. Therefore 'pit' is coded as 'tit'.
So the remaining word 'sit' in second sentence is coded by remaining word 'lit'.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. In a certain code, IDEAS is written as HEDBR and WOULD is written as VPTMC. How will RIGHT be written in the same code?
1) QJHIS 2) QJFGS
3) SHHGU 4) QJFIU 5) QJFIS
A: 5;
In the given words IDEAS and WOULD, the first, third and fifth letters are replaced with the preceding letters of the alphabet. The second and the fourth letters of the given words are replaced by the next letters.
So the letters of the word RIGHT will be coded as R ® Q, I ® J, G ® F, H ® I, T ® S.
So the coded word will be QJFIS.
2. In a certain code PAUSE is written as OBVTD and SHIFT is written as RIJGS. How will THI NK be written in the same code?
1) UGHML 2) SIJOJ 3) SILOJ
4) SIJQJ 5) SIJ0L
A: 2;
In the given words PAUSE and SHIFT, the first and fifth letters are replaced with the preceding letters of the alphabet. The second, third and the fourth letters of the given words
are replaced by the next letters.
\ THINK will be coded as SIJOJ.
3. In a certain code, DRENCH is written as CSFODG and GEMI NI is written as FFNJOH. How will PIGEON be written in the same code?
1) QJHFPO 2) RJHFPO
3) OJFHPM 4) OJHFMP
5) None of these
A: 5;
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In the two given words, the first and the last letters are replaced with the preceding letters of the word. The letters between are replaced with the next letters of the alphabet.
\ PIGEON is coded as OJHFPM
4. If PAPER is written as OZODQ then how PENCIL can be written in that code?
1) ODMBHK 2) DOMBHK
3) ODMHBK 4) OMDBHK 5) None of these
A: 1;
All the letters of the given word are replaced by the preceding letters of the alphabet.
In the same way PENCIL can be coded as
5. In a certain code 'PAINT' is coded as 'RCKPV' and 'STOMP' is written as 'UVQOR'.
In the same code 'HELPS' will be coded as '_____'.
1) JGNRU 2) GJNRU
3) KGNRU 4) JGNSU
5) JGNRV
A: 1;
All the letters of the given words are replaced by second next letter of the alphabet.
In the same way HELPS can be coded as
H E L P S
+2 +2 +2 +2 +2
J G N R U
6. If in a certain code, 'O' is written as 'E', 'A' as 'C', 'M' as 'I', 'S' as 'O', 'N' as 'P', 'E' as 'M', 'I' as 'A', 'P' as 'N' and 'C' as 'S', then how will 'COMPANIES' be written in
that code?
1) SEIACPAMO 2) SMINCPAMO
3) SEINCPAMO 4) SEINCPMIO
5) None of these
A: 3;
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7. In a certain code, 'what else can you do for me, Mr.Ajay' is written as 'You Mr. what can Ajay else do me for'. How will 'anyone else who can do such favour to me' be written in that code?
1) can to who anyone me else do favour such
2) can favour anyone who me else do such
3) can to anyone who me else do such favour
4) can to anyone who me do else favour such
5) None of these
A: 3;
By looking at the given sentence and its code it can be said that the words are same in both the cases. Also the words are not arranged in dictionary order, because the word 'Mr.' comes before 'You' in a dictionary. So the words are arranged among themselvesin different positions. To solve such questions use the following method. First number the words of the given sentence.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
what else can you do for me, Mr. Ajay
Now look at the order in which these words are arranged in coded form
You Mr. what can Ajay else do me for
4 8 1 3 9 2 5 7 6
In the same way words of the given sentence is coded as
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
anyone else who can do such favour to me
Then decoding the above one:
4 8 1 3 9 2 5
can to anyone who me else do
7 6
favour such
Directions (8-12): Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below:
In a certain code language '5 1 6 7 2 1' is written as 'the black dog frightened the cat', '6 4 5 8 1' is written as 'the frightened cat run away', '3 6 2 1' is written as 'the cat was black' and '7 4 1' is written as 'the dog run'.
8. What is the code for 'away'?
1) 8 2) 6 3) 3 4) 1
5) Can't be determined
A: 1;
9. What is the code for 'black'?
1) 2 2) 4 3) 6 4) 5
5) Can't be determined
A: 1;
10. What is the code for 'frightened'?
1) 2 2) 6 3) 7
4) 5 5) Can't be determined
A: 4;
11. What is the code for 'the cat was frightened'?
1) 5267 2) 5371 3) 8475
4) 5367 5) None of these
A: 5;
12. Which of the following words is represented by '4'?
1) cat 2) dog
3) run 4) the
5) Can't be determined
A: 3;
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SOLUTIONS (8-12)
Try to identify which number is assigned to each word.
'5 1 6 7 2 1' → 'the black dog frightened the cat' …… (i)
'6 4 5 8 1' → 'the frightened cat run away' …………. (ii)
'3 6 2 1' → 'the cat was black' … (iii)
'7 4 1' → 'the dog run' ………… (iv)
'the' is common in all the four sets. So the code for 'the' is 1.
Considering the (iv) statement, it has 7 and 4.
Comparing the '7' in (i) and (iv),
7 → dog & 4 → run.
Comparing (i) & (iii), 3 →was
Now comparing (ii) & (iii), 6 → cat
Now in (iii), 2 → black Comparing(i) &(ii), 5→ frightened & 8 → away Now answer the questions based on the above data.
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