14. Statements -Assumptions

Sakshi Education

Introduction
An assumption is ‘something supposed or taken for granted’. A statement is followed by two or three assumptions. So, we have to assess the given statement and then decide which of the given assumptions is implicit in the statement.

Directions: In each question below is given a statement followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. Consider the statement and decide which of the given assumptions is implicit. Give answer
(a) if only assumption I is implicit;
(b) if only assumption II is implicit;
(c) if either I or II is implicit;
(d) if neither I nor II is implicit and
(e) if both I and II are implicit.

EXERCISE

Statement: “Use of cell phones and pagers is not allowed inside the auditorium. Please switch off such devices while you are inside the auditorium,”- A notice.
Assumptions:
I. All those who have such devices will switch them off before they take their seat in the auditorium.
II. Generally people do not bring such devices when they come to attend functions in the auditorium.
Statement: The government has made an appeal to all the citizens to honestly pay income tax and file returns reflecting the true income level to help the government to carry out developmental activities.
Assumptions:
I. People may now start paying more taxes in response to the appeal.
II. The total income tax collection may considerably increase in the near future.
Statement: The government has decided to pay compensation to the tune of Rs. 1 lakhs to the family members of those who are killed in railway accidents.
Assumptions:
I. The government has enough funds to meet the expenses due to compensation.
II. There may be reduction in incidents of railway accidents in near future.
Statement: Why don’t you go to the court if the employer does not pay you the provident fund contribution?
Assumptions:
I. Courts can intervene in matters of dispute between employer and employees.
II. It is obligatory for the employer to pay the provident fund contribution to the employees.
Statement: “Use our product to improve memory of our child. It is based on natural herbs and has no harmful side effects.”-An advertisement of pharmaceutical company.
Assumptions:
I. People generally opt for a medical product which is useful and has no harmful side effects.
II. Improving memory of child is considered as important by many parents.
Statement: Because of the large number of potholes in road X, reaching airport in time has become difficult.
Assumptions:
I. reaching airport in time may not be always necessary.
II. There is no other convenient road to the airport.
Statement: The Parent Teacher Association (PTA) of a school has informed the principal that they will not send their children to the school unless the school authority reduces the fees with immediate effect.
Assumptions:
I. Majority of the parents may agree with the PTA and may not send their wards with the school.
II. The school authority may accede to the demand of the PTA and reduce the fees.
Statement: Greater public participation results in good civic governance. Statement of Municipal Commissioner of City A.
Assumptions:
I. The municipal office is not competent to effect good civic administration.
II. Good civic governance is a matter of collective will and effort of the people and administration.
Statement: Success is how much a person bounces up after hitting the bottom.
Assumptions:
I. Success requires conscious efforts without being discouraged by failure.
II. Failure cannot be considered an acceptable thing.
Statement: The Government has decided to levy 2 percent on the tax amount payable for funding drought relief programmes.
Assumptions:
I. The Government does not have sufficient money to fund drought relief programmes.
II. The amount collected by way of surcharge may be adequate to fund these drought relief programmes.
Statement: The ‘M’ Cooperative Housing Society has put up a notice at its gate that sale persons are not allowed inside the society.
Assumptions:
I. All the sales persons will stay away from the ‘M’ Cooperative Housing Society.
II. The security guard posted at the gate may be able to stop the sales persons entering the society.
Statement: The school authorities have decided to increase the number of students in each classroom to seventy from the next academic session to bridge the gap between the income and the expenditure to a large extent.
Assumptions:
I. The income generated by way of fees of the additional students will be sufficient enough to bridge the gap.
II. The school will get all the additional students in each class from the next academic session.
Statement: In view of the violent situation due to students’ agitation the state government has decided to close down all the educational institutions in the state for two weeks with immediate effect.
Assumptions:
I. The student’s agitation may subside after two weeks.
II. The students may not find a place to come further and continue agitation after the closure of the educational institutions.
Statement: Municipal corporation has decided to ban the entry of vehicles from sub-urban areas to the main city through main routes during peak hours to avoid traffic congestion.
Assumptions:
I. The people of sub-urban areas should not bring their vehicles during peak hours.
II. There is no traffic congestion by the vehicles of people residing in the main city.
Statement: An advertisement: If you want to follow the footprints of an ideal leader, wear ‘X’ brand of shoes.
Assumptions:
I. Most people like to become ideal leaders.
II. One can’t become ideal leader unless one wears ‘X’ brand of shoes.
Statement: In spite of less than normal rainfall in the catchment areas during the first two months of monsoon of the lakes supplying water to the city the authority has not yet affected any cut in the water supply to the city.
Assumptions:
I. The rainfall during the remaining part of the monsoon may be adequate for normal water supply.
II. The present water level of the lakes supplying water to the city may be adequate for normal supply.
Statement: “In the recently imposed war, global public opinion was dishonored by the economically strong and scientifically advanced superpower.
Assumptions:
I. Superpowers need not take any heed of global public opinion.
II. Global public opinion must have been against the imposition of war.
Statement: If it is easy to become an engineer. I don’t want to be an engineer.
Assumptions:
I. An individual aspires to be professional.
II. One desires to achieve a thing which is hard earned.
Statement: All the employees are notified that the organization will provides transport facilities at half the cost from the nearby railway station to the office except those who have been provided with travelling allowance.
Assumptions:
I. Most of the employees will travel by the office transport.
II. Those who are provided with travelling allowance will not read such notice.
Statement: A good system of education in a country is the flower of economic development; it is also its seed.
Assumptions:
I. Economic development leads to educational development in a country.
II. Educational development leads to economic development in a country.
(a) Both I and II are implicit
(b) Only II is implicit
(c)Only I is implicit
(d)Neither I nor II is implicit
(e)None of these
Statement: The integrated steel plants in India would no longer have to depend on imports for continuous casting refractories.
Assumptions:
I. Continuous casting refractories are needed by India.
II. Continuous casting refractories are in demand.
Statement: Equality of income throughout a community is the essential condition for maximizing the total utility which the total income available could confer on the members of that community.
Assumptions:
I. If extra income were taken from the rich and given to the poor. The total utility experienced by the community would increase.
II. Equal pay for equal work.
Statement: the government has decided to disinvest large chunk of its equity in select public sector undertaking for a better fiscal management.
Assumptions:
I. The amount generated out of the disinvestments process may reduce substantially the mounting fiscal deficits.
II. There will be enough demand in the market for the shares of these undertakings.
Statement: “you are hereby appointed as a programmer with a probation period of one year and your performance will be reviewed at the end of the period for confirmation”. A line in an appointment letter.
Assumptions:
I. The performance of an individual generally is not known at the time of appointment offer.
II. Generally an individual tries to prove his worth in the probation period.
Statement: The ‘X’ Housing Finance Company has offered its services to search a suitable home at no extra cost for those who avail housing loan from it.
Assumptions:
I. The customers may prefer to take housing loan from ‘X’ Housing Finance Company as they can save lot of their time and money in searching a suitable home.
II. No other Housing Finance Company has offered any such extra services along with housing loan.
Statement: Many employees of the organization applied for special sabbatical leave of two years to pursue higher education.
Assumptions:
I. The management of the organization may not grant leave to most of these employees.
II. The employees may be able to complete their education during the sabbatical leave.
Statement: Most of the private companies have decided against awarding annual increase in the salaries of their employees for the previous year due to current economic situations.
Assumptions:
I. Majority of the employees may leave their job to protest against the decision.
II. These companies may announce hike salaries next year.
Statement: The residents of the locality wrote a letter to the corporation requesting to restore normalcy in the supply of drinking water immediately as the supply at present is just not adequate.
Assumptions:
I. The corporation may not take any action on the letter.
II. The municipality has enough water to meet the demand.
III. The water supply to the area was adequate in the past.
(1) Only I and III are implicit
(2) Only II and III are implicit
(3) Only II is implicit
(4) Only III is implicit
(5) All these
Statement: We must be prepared to face any eventually and all the assignments must be completed as per their schedule-Director tells the Faculty members.
Assumptions:
I. There is possibility of a serious eventuality.
II. Dates are fixed for all the assignments.
III. Faculty members are supposed to complete all the assignments.
(1) Only I is implicit
(2) Only III is implicit
(3) None is implicit
(4) All are implicit
(5) None of these
Statement: The telephone company informed the subscribers through a notification that those who do not pay their bills by the due date will be charged penalty for every defaulting day.
Assumptions:
I. Majority of the people may pay their bills by the due date to avoid penalty
II. The money collected as penalty may set off the losses due to delayed payment.
III. People generally pay heed to such notices.
(1) All are implicit
(2) I and III are implicit
(3) II and III are implicit
(4) None of these
(5) None is implicit
Statement: In view of the recent spurt in sugar prices in the open market. The government has asked the dealers to release a vast quantity of imported sugar in the open market.
Assumption:
I. The dealers will follow the government directive.
II. The sugar prices will come down.
III. The price of indigenous sugar will remain unchanged.
(1) I and II are implicit
(2) I and III are implicit
(3) II and III are implicit
(4) None is implicit
(5) All of these
Statement: in the recently held all India commerce conference. The session on ‘management of service sector in India’ surprisingly attracted large number of participants and also received very good media coverage in the leading newspapers.
Assumptions:
I. People were not expecting such an encouraging response for service sector.
II. Service sector is not managed properly in India. III. Media is always very positive towards service sector.
(1) Only I is implicit
(2) I and III are implicit
(3) II and III are implicit
(4) All are implicit
(5) None of these
Statement: “A rare opportunity to be a professional while you are at home”. – An advertisement for computer literate housewives by a computer company.
Assumptions:
I. Some housewives simultaneously desire to become professional.
II. Computer industry is growing at a fast pace.
III. It is possible to be a professional as well as a housewife.
(a) Only I and II are implicit
(b) Only II and III are implicit
(c) Only I and II are implicit
(d) Only II is implicit
(e) None of these
Statement: An advertisement: Now you can own a new car in just Rs. 1,999 per month.
Assumptions:
I. People aspire for owning a car.
II. People do not want to buy used cars.
III. Most people can afford to pay Rs. 1,999 per month for a new car.
(a) Only I and II are implicit
(b) Only II and III are implicit
(c) Only I and III are implicit
(d) All are implicit
(e) None of these
Statement: The employees’ association has appealed to the Managers of Company Z to introduce written examinations for clerical cadre recruitment to prevent selection of incompetent persons.
Assumptions:
I. So far the Company Z used to select candidates without conducting a written examination.
II. A written examination can help to identify competent persons.
III. At higher level, written examination may not be of much use.
(a) Only I and II are implicit
(b) Only II and III are implicit
(c) Only I and III are implicit
(d) Only III is implicit
(e) None of these
Statement: The university authority has decided to decentralize conduct of terminal examination and give this responsibility to each college for its students to avoid delay in declaration of results.
Assumptions:
I. The colleges are equipped to carry out this responsibility.
II. There may not be uniformity in evaluation standard across the colleges.
III. The students may welcome this new development.
(a) None is implicit
(b) Only I and II are implicit
(c) Only II and III are implicit
(d) Only I and III are implicit
(e) None of these
Statement: Use ‘X’ brand shoes. These are durable and available in all sizes. – An advertisement in the newspaper A.
Assumptions:
I. Normally people like durable shoes.
II. Very few people read advertisement in a newspaper.
III. Very few people read the newspaper A.
(a) None is implicit
(b) Only I, and either II or III are implicit
(c) All are implicit
(d) Only I and II are implicit
(e) None of these.
Statement: Give this packet to Mr. X at his residence and return immediately. In case you are likely to be late informing me – Mr. A tells his clerk.
Assumptions:
I. The clerk never informs about his late coming.
II. The clerk may not obey Mr. A’s instructions.
III. The clerk may not inform his late coming unless instructed.
(a) Only I and II are implicit
(b) Only II and III are implicit
(c) Only I and III are implicit
(d) Only III is implicit
(e) None of these
Statement: wars must be discouraged vehemently even though majority of the victims might have been a nuisance to peace loving people.
Assumptions:
I. Wars kill majority of wicked people.
II. Innocent people are also killed in wars.
III. Vehement opposition to wars may have some desirable impact.
(a) Only I and II are implicit
(b) Only III is implicit
(c) All are implicit
(d) Only III, and either I or II are implicit
(e) None of these
Statement: “We have the distinction of being the only company in India as well as the second in the world to have won as ISO 9002 certification in own line of business”. – Statement of company X’s Chairman.
Assumptions:
I. There was not many companies in the line of business of Company X.
II. Getting ISO 9002 in the line of business of company X is not easy.
III. The company X desires to expand its business.
(a) Only I is implicit
(b) Only II is implicit
(c) Only III is implicit
(d) Only II and III are implicit
(e) None of these
Statement: “Tender specification will not be issued to the firms where there is 25% or more default in supplies against earlier purchase orders placed on them.”- Condition of a Company X inviting tenders for the purchase of material.
Assumptions:
I. The Company X will be watching the quality of performance of its suppliers.
II. This time the firms should keep the percentage of default as less as possible.
III. The Company X expects quality and professional approach from its suppliers.
(a) Only I is implicit
(b) Only II is implicit
(c) Either II or III is implicit
(d) Only III is implicit
(e) None of these
Statement: The civic authority has decided that all the factories located inside the city limits be shifted outside to reduce the level of environmental pollution in the city.
Assumptions:
I. The pollution level in the city in future may reduce after these factories are shifted outside the city limit.
II. Enough usable land is available outside the city limit for these factories.
III. Many of these factories may shift to some other smaller towns to remain profitable.
(a) Only I is implicit
(b) Only I and II are implicit
(c) Only II is implicit
(d) Only II and III are implicit
(e) None of these
Statement: The X passenger car manufacturing company announced a sharp reduction in the prices of its luxury cars.
Assumptions:
I. There may be an increase in the sale of luxury cars of company X.
II. The other such car manufactures may also reduce their prices.
III. The competitor companies may not reduce their prices.
(a) Only I is implicit
(b) Only I and II are implicit
(c) None is implicit
(d) Only I and III are implicit
(e) None of these
Statement: ‘Move into the upper echelons without paying a steep price – Book a luxurious flat with us’. An advertisement of a construction company for its prestigious project.
Assumptions:
I. It is possible to join the select band of rich people by hard work.
II. Staying in luxury without paying steep price is the criterion of upper crust of the society.
III. Booking a luxurious flat is very easy now.
(a) None is implicit
(b) Only II is implicit
(c) Only III is implicit
(d) Only II and III are implicit
(e) None of these
Statement: The Government of India has set up one-stop facilitation counters manned by trained staff for attending to various needs of the foreign tourists at all the international airports.
Assumptions:
I. There is adequate trained staff available to mantain these counters in shifts.
II. The services provided by these counters will help boosting inflow of foreign tourists.
III. Majority of the foreign tourists need variety of services when they reach India.
(a) Only I and II are implicit
(b) Only III is implicit
(c) Only II and III are implicit
(d) All are implicit
(e) None of these
Statement: “If you are intelligent, we are the right people for improving your performance.”- An advertisement of a coaching institute.
Assumptions:
I. Brilliant students prefer to join coaching classes.
II. Coaching classes help the students to improve their performance.
III. No other institute provides such coaching.
(a) Only I and II are implicit
(b) Only II and III are implicit
(c) Only I and III are implicit
(d) All are implicit
(e) None of these
Statement: India’s economic growth has come at a terrible price of increased industrial and vehicular pollution.
Assumptions:
I. Pollution is a part of industrial society.
II. Indian economic growth is based on only industrial growth.
III. A country desires economic growth with manageable side effects.
(a) Only I is implicit
(b) Only II is implicit
(c) Only III is implicit
(d) Only I and III are implicit
(e) None of these
Statement: ‘Several labour and industrial courts in this state have no proper premises. Vacancies of judges and stenos are kept pending.’ – A statement of a retired judge of State X.
Assumptions:
I. Adequate number of staff and judges helps in the smooth functioning of the industrial and labour courts.
II. The state is not bothered about the condition of the labour and industrial courts.
III. Physical facilities of an office help in increasing efficiency of its employees.
(a) Only I and III are implicit
(b) Only II is implicit
(c) Only II and III are implicit
(d) All I, II and III are implicit
(e) None of these
Statement: “If you are a mechanical engineer, we want you as our supervisor.” – An advertisement by Company X.
Assumptions:
I. Mechanical engineers are expected to be better performers by company X.
II. The company X needs supervisors.
III. Mechanical engineers may get attracted and apply to Company X.
(a) Only I and II are implicit
(b) Only II and III are implicit
(c) Only I and III are implicit
(d) All are implicit
(e) None of these
Statement: “The simplest and the most cost-effective way to upgrade your home – Exchange your old furniture and get 25% to 33% off on the new furniture.”- An advertisement of a furniture company.
Assumptions:
I. Now a days, there is no demand for furniture products unless some attractive scheme is offered.
II. Some customers always desire to have best quality and do not bother either for cost or for convenience.
III. Some customers want to keep their home up-to-date with reasonable cost and with less hassles.
(a) Only I is implicit
(b) Only II is implicit
(c) Only III is implicit
(d) Only I and II are implicit
(e) None of these
Statement: The state government has announced an amnesty scheme for all the housing societies defaulting on payment of municipal taxed asking these societies to pay up front six percent of the dues and regularize their status without any penalty.
Assumptions:
I. Most of the defaulting housing societies may now opt for the amnesty scheme and pay up their dues.
II. Other housing societies which have been paying their taxes regularly may file case against the government for discriminatory practices.

ANSWER KEY
1	a	18	d		35	a
2	e	19	a		36	d
3	e	20	b		37	e
4	e	21	e		38	d
5	e	22	c		39	c
6	b	23	d		40	d
7	e	24	d		41	e
8	b	25	a		42	b
9	a	26	b		43	e
10	e	27	b		44	c
11	e	28	d		45	d
12	a	29	e		46	a
13	e	30	a		47	d
14	d	31		a	48		d
15	a	32		b	49		d
16	e	33		c	50		c
17	b	34		d	51		a