Voice (Active & Passive)
Definition: Voice is that form of a verb which tells us whether the subject does something or has something done to it.
For example
Active: Mohan takes coffee. (Subject does something)
Passive: Coffee is taken by Mohan. (Something is done to the subject)
Rules for changing voice:-
(i) Subject is placed in place of object and object is placed in place of subject.
(ii) "By" is used with a noun or a pronoun for showing doer or agent of some work.
(iii) We can change voice of only a transitive verb, i.e., a verb with an object. We cannot change voice of an intransitive verb, i.e., a verb without an object.
For example
Active: Mohan takes coffee. (Subject does something)
Passive: Coffee is taken by Mohan. (Something is done to the subject)
Rules for changing voice:-
(i) Subject is placed in place of object and object is placed in place of subject.
(ii) "By" is used with a noun or a pronoun for showing doer or agent of some work.
(iii) We can change voice of only a transitive verb, i.e., a verb with an object. We cannot change voice of an intransitive verb, i.e., a verb without an object.
Rules for change of Verbs
| Tense | Verb in Active Voice | Verb in Passive Voice |
| Present Indefinite | V1 +s, es, ies | Is/are |am + V3 |
| Past Indefinite | V2 | Was | Were + V3 |
| Future Indefinite | Shall | Will+Vi | Shall j Will + be + V3 |
| Present Continuous | Is/ are | am + Vi+ ing | Is /are ( am | being + V3 |
| Past Continuous | Was | Were + Vi + ing | Was | Were + being + V3 |
| Present Perfect | Has | Have + V3 | Has | Have + been + V3 |
| Past Perfect | Had + V3 | Had + been + V3 |
| Future Perfect | Shall / Will + have + V3 | Shall / Will + have + been + V3 |
Present Indefinite Tense
- I eat a mango. (Active)
A mango is eaten by me. (Passive)
- He sells watches. (Active)
Watches are sold by him. (Passive)
- You do not tell a lie. (Active)
A lie is not told by you. (Passive)
- Do they buy new books? (Active)
Are new books bought by them? (Passive)
- Who teaches you science? (Active)
By whom are you taught science? (Passive)
- I am writing a letter. (Active)
A letter is being written by me. (Passive)
- She is not plucking flowers. (Active)
Flowers are not being plucked by her. (Passive)
- He is driving a car. (Active)
A car is being driven by him. (Passive)
- Are you eating apples? (Active)
Are apples being eaten by you? (Passive)
- Is he helping you? (Active)
Are you being helped by him? (Passive)
Present Perfect Tense
- I have written a letter. (Active)
A Letter has been written by me. (Passive)
- He has posted the letter. (Active)
The letter has been posted by him. (Passive)
- We have played the game. (Active)
The game has been played by us. (Passive)
- They have finished the work. (Active)
The work has been finished by them. (Passive)
- I have bought two pens. (Active)
Two pens have been bought by me. (Passive)
- He wrote a letter. (Active)
A letter was written by him. (Passive)
- I helped Ram. (Active)
Ram was helped by me. (Passive)
- She lost her purse yesterday. (Active)
Her purse was lost yesterday by her. (Passive)
- You did not take tea. (Active)
Tea was not taken by you. (Passive)
- Did the police catch the thief? (Active )
Was the thief caught by the police? (Passive)
- He was answering the questions. (Active)
The questions were being answered by him. (Passive)
- I was obeying my parents. (Active)
My parents were being obeyed by me. (Passive)
- She was cleaning the room. (Active)
The room was being cleaned by her. (Passive)
- She was offering prayers. (Active)
Prayers were being offered by her. (Passive)
- What were you doing? (Active)
What was being done by you? (Passive)
Past Perfect Tense
- I had taken food. (Active)
Food had been taken by me. (Passive)
- He had done his duty. (Active)
His duty had been done by him. (Passive)
- We had lost the match? (Active)
The match had been lost by us. (Passive)
- Had he broken your pen? (Active)
Had your pen been broken by him? (Passive)
- Had he not taken medicines? (Active)
Had medicines not been taken by him? (Passive)
Future Indefinite Tense
- We shall play the match. (Active)
The match will be played by us. (Passive)
- She will sing a song. (Active)
A song will be sung by her. (Passive)
- The police will catch the thief. (Active)
The thief will be caught by the police. (Passive)
- I shall take tea. (Active)
Tea will be taken by me. (Passive)
- He will fly a kite. (Active)
A kite will be flown by him. (Passive)
Future Perfect Tense
- He will have written a letter. (Active)
A letter will have been written by him. (Passive)
- She will have cooked food. (Active)
Food will have been cooked by her. (Passive)
- I shall have finished the work. (Active)
The work will have been finished by me. (Passive)
- He will have helped me. (Active)
I will have been helped by him. (Passive)
- You will have posted the letter. (Active)
The letter will have been posted by you. (Passive)
Prepared by,
IACE, Hyderabad.
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