1. G.K& current Affairs -                                                                -      10M
2. Perspectives in Education                                                           –      05M
3. Classroom implications of Educational Psychology                 –     05M
4. Content                                                                                          -    40M
5. Methodology                                                                                  -     20M

Total                                                                                           -   80 M

PART - I

1. General Knowledge And Current Affairs (Marks: 10)

PART - II

2. Perspectives In Education (Marks: 05)
   1. History of Education :
      • The Education in Ancient India - Pre-Vedic and Post-Vedic period, Medieval Education.
      • Education in Pre Independent era - Woods Despatch (1854), Hunter Commission (1882), Hartog Committee (1929), Sargent Committee (1944).
      • Education in Post Independent era - Mudaliar Commission (1952-53), Kothari Commission (1964-66), Ishwarbhai Patel committee (1977), NPE-1986, POA- 1992
   2. Teacher Empowerment:
      • Need, interventions for empowerment, Professional code of conduct for teachers, Teacher motivation, Professional development of Teachers and Teacher organizations, National / State Level Organizations for Teacher Education, Maintenance of Records and Registers in Schools.
   3. Educational Concerns in Contemporary India:
      • Democracy and Education, Equality, Equity, Quality in Education, Equality of Educational opportunities.
      • Economics of Education, Education as Human Capital, Education and Human Resource Development, Literacy - Saakshar Bharat Mission.
      • Population Education, Gender - Equality, Equity and Empowerment of Women, Urbanization and migration, Life skills.
      • Adolescence Education
      • Value Education – Morel Value and Professional Eathics in Education.
      • Health and Physical Education
      • Inclusive Education - Classroom Management in Inclusive Education

• • • Role of Education in view of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization
    • Programmes and Projects – APPEP, DPEP, Sarva Siksha Abhiyan, National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Level (NPEGEL),Rashtriya Madhyamika Siksha Abhiyan(RMSA), Rashtriya Aveshekar Abhiyan (RAA), KGBVs, Model Schools.
    • Incentives and special provisions – Mid Day Meals, Free Books, Scholarship, Awards, Welfare Hostels, Transportation.
    • Current Trends in Education – Badipelusthondi, BadikiVasta, Mavuru – ManaBadi, Vidyanjali, SwachaPatasala, Inspire, Kalavutsav.
  • Acts / Rights:
    • Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act - 2009
    • Right to Information Act - 2005
    • Child Rights
    • Human Rights.
  • National Curriculum - Framework, 2005: Perspective, Guiding Principles, Learning and Knowledge, Teaching Learning Process, Assessment, Systemic Reforms.
  • National Educational Policy-2020

PART - III

3. Classroom implications of Educational Psychology – 05Marks
4. 1. Individual differences: Inter and intra individual differences, meaning, nature and theories of intelligence with special emphasis to multiple intelligence, IQ, assessment of intelligence, EQ, Creativity. Attitude, Aptitude, Interest, Habit and its Influence on Intelligence – Class room implementation.
   2. Learning: Theories and approaches of learning, learning curves, Factors, Phases, Dimensions of learning, Types of learning, Transfer of learning. Memory, Forgetting, Learning and assessment– Class room implementation.
   3. Personality: Nature, characteristics and theories of personality, factors of Personality, Assessment of Personality, Mental health, Adjustment, Stress – nature, Symptoms and management. Emotional intelligence, Management of emotions – Class room implementation.

PART - IV

4. Content: (40 Marks)( Class VI To Intermediate level syllabus )

1. Classes VI – X Syllabus:

Theme - I: Diversity on the Earth

Universe- origin, Galaxy, Celestial bodies, Constellations, The Solar System, Our Earth ; Globe, Axis, Latitudes, Longitudes, Movements of the Earth, Equinox, Eclipses, Components of the Environment, Maps- Types, Components, Conventional Symbols, uses; Forests - Climatic regions, Types of forests, Uses, Forests in AP, Deforestation, Social Forestry and Conservation; Landforms - Major Landforms of AP, Podu Cultivation, Diversity in Lifestyles; Resources-Types, Conservation; Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources, Landslides, Factors of Soil formation, Degradation of soil and conservation measures, Water problems of water availability; India Size and Location, India's Neighbours, India Relief Features-Major Relief Divisions, Climate of India-Monsoon, Climogrphs, Climatic Controls, Drainage-The Himalayan Rivers and Peninsular rivers and river pollution, Indian Rivers and Water Resources.

Theme - II: Production Exchange and Livelihoods

Markets around us-Types of Markets, Consumer Protection; Road Safety-Traffic Signs, Road marking signs-using methods, Road safety measures, pedestrian safety, safe cycling, safety travelling; Mineral and Power Resources- Types of Minerals, Distribution, Conservation, Power Resources -Conventional, Non-Conventional; Agriculture- Types of farming, major crops; Industries-Classification, Distribution ; Human Resources-Population Density, Population size and distribution, Population Change Population growth, National population policy; Population composition; Weavers, Iron Smelters and Factory Owners- Indian Textiles and the World Market, The Sword of Tippu Sultan and Woods Steel; Public Facilities-Water as part of the Fundamental Right to life, Govt. role, The story of village Palampur, Ideas of Development-HDI, Production and Employment-GDP, organised, Unorganised Sectors, The People-Census, Changing Population Size, People as a Resource-Economic activities by men and women Quality of population, Unemployment, Poverty as a Challenge-Poverty line, Global poverty Scenario, anti-poverty measures, People and Settlement-Urbanisation, People and Migration-Rural, Urban and Seasonal, Temporary, International migrations, Rampur: A Village Economy, Globalisation-MNC,WTO, Food Security-Food Security in India, Access to Food, Nutritional status, MSP, PDS; Role of Cooperatives in Food Security, Sustainable Development with Equity.

Theme -III: Political Systems and Governance

Early life to Settled life - Belum Caves, Rock Paintings; Emergence of Kingdoms and Republics-Janapadas, Mahajanapadas; kingdoms and Empires- Mauryan, Gupta, Satavahana, Pallava, Chalukya; Delhi Sultanate; Kakatiya Kingdom, Vijayanagara Empire, Mughal Empire, How When and Where, From Trade to Territory- The company establishes Power - East India Company, The Battle of Plassey, Tipu sultan, The Doctrine of Lapse; Ruling the Countryside - The company becomes the Diwan, The need to improve Agriculture, Munro System, Crops for Europe, Why the demand for indian Indigo?, The Blue Rebellion and After; Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age-How did Tribal groups live?, How did colonial rule affect tribal lives?; Forest Loss and their Impact, Birsa Munda; When people rebel 1857 and after-Policies and the people, Through the Eyes of the people, A Mutiny becomes a popular Rebellion, The Company fights back; Civilizing the "Native" Educating the nation-How the British saw Education, The agenda for a National education of British; The making of the National Movement-1870's - 1947,The Emergence of Nationalism, The growth of mass Nationalists, Dandi March, Quit India and Later; India after Independence-A new and Divided Nation, A Constitution is written, How were States to be formed, Planning for development, A Nation sixty years on; The French Revolution, Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution, Nazism and the rise of the Hilter, Forest society and Colonialism, Pastoralists in the Modern World, The World Between Wars Part-1,2, National Liberation Movement in the Colonies-China, Vietnam, Nigeria, National Movement in India and Partition and Independence:1939-1947, Independent India[The First 30 years-1947- 77],Emerging Political Trends 1977-2000,Post-War World and India-UNO, Cold War, Military Alliances, India and its Neighbours.

Theme -IV: Social Organisation and Inequities

Towards Equality- Diversity, discrimination, Types, Constitutional Provisions; Women Change the World- Women’s movement, Inspirational Women; Women, Caste and Reform- Working towards Change-Changing the lives of widows, Girls begin to going to School, Women write about Women, Caste and Social Reform-Gulamgiri who could enter, The Non Brahman movement; Indian Constitution - Introduction, Key features, Fundamental Rights and Duties ;Government- Types, Levels, Local self-Government, State Government- Legislative, Executive, Judiciary; Working of Institutions, Understanding Secularism; Why do we need Parliament, The role of the Parliament, Houses of Parliament, Who are the people in parliament?; Understanding Laws-How do new laws come out?, Unpopular and Controversial Laws, Judiciary-Independent Judiciary, Structure of Courts in India, Different Branches of the Legal System, Understanding Our Criminal Justice System-Role of the police, Public prosecutor, Judge, What is a Trial Crime?; Understanding Marginalisation- Who are Adivasis?, Adivasis and development, Minorities and Marginalisation; Confronting Marginalisation-Invoking Fundamental Rights, Laws for the Marginalised, Protecting the Rights of Dalits and Adivasis, Adivasi demands and 1989 Act; Law and Social Justice- Bhopal Gas tragedy, Enforcement of safety Laws, New Laws to protect the Environment, What is Democracy? why Democracy?, Constitutional Design-Democratic Constitution in South Africa, Struggle against Apartheid, Electoral politics, Democratic Rights, The Making of Independent India's Constitution, Social Movements in Our Times, Citizens and the Governments-RTI, Legal Service Authority.

Theme - V: Religion and Society

Religions-Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Islam, Sikhism, Unity in Diversity; Bhakti Movement - Sufi Movement;

Theme -VI: Culture and Communication

Early Civilisations-Indus, Vedic period, Vedic Literature, Indian Culture, Languages.

2. Intermediate Syllabus:

Geography:

General Geography-Definition and scope of Geography – Branches of Geography-Geography as an integrating Discipline and as Spacial Science with physical, biological and social sciences.

Solar System-Origin and Evolution of solar system-Rotation and Revolution of the Earth and their effects-Latitudes and Longitudes-Standard Time and International Date line.

The Earth - Interior of the Earth-Wegner’s theory of continental drift -Major Rock types and their characteristics.

Geomorphology -Major landforms: Mountains, Plateaus and Plains-Geomorphic Process: Weathering - Physical and Chemical Weathering-Landforms associated with wind and river – Erosional and depositional.

Climatology -Climate: Elements of weather and climate-Atmosphere: Composition and structure of atmosphere -Insolation: Insolation and Heat Budget of the Planet Earth- Temperature: Factors influencing Temperature, Vertical and horizontal distribution of temperature Pressure- Global pressure belts Winds Planetary winds, Seasonal and Local winds-Precipitation: Forms and types of rain fall (Convectional, Orographic and Cyclonic rain fall).

Bio geography -Biomes of the world- Equatorial, Tropical and Temperate zones -Biodiversity and Conservation -Concept of Ecosystem and Ecological Balance- Oceanography, Hydrology and Natural hazards

Oceanography-Divisions of the Ocean floor- Continental shelf, Continental slope, Deep Sea plains and Ocean deeps-Ocean Temperatures- Vertical and horizontal distribution-Ocean Salinity Definition, vertical and horizontal distribution-Oceanic Movements: Waves, Tides and Currents, (Currents of Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Ocean )

Hydrology-Elements of Hydrological cycle: Precipitation, evaporation, evaporation- transpiration, run off, infiltration and recharge -Hydrological Cycle.

Natural Hazards-Causes and Spatial distribution of floods, droughts, cyclones, Tsunamis, Earthquakes and landslides Global Warming and its consequences-Disaster Management in India-Human Geography : Definition, Content and scope- Man and Environment: Definition, Content, Classification of environment-Environmental impact World Population : Growth, Factors influencing, density and distribution

Human activities - Primary, Secondary and tertiary activities-Resources - Definition, Classification and Conservation-Agriculture -Definition, Types, food crops (Rice and wheat) Nonfood crops (Cotton, Sugarcane) and Plantation crops-(Rubber, tea and coffee) their Significance, Conditions - for cultivation, production and distribution.

Definition and Classification (Metallic - Iron), non Metallic – bauxite and (fuel minerals - coal and petroleum) Industries - Location factors, types of industries -Agro – based (Cotton textiles) Forest based (Paper mills) -Mineral based (Iron and steel) - Chemical based (Fertilizers)- Transportation -Road ways, Railways, Water ways and Air ways - Rail ways- Intensive net work rail way, Regional rail-ways and Trans continental railways - Water ways- Major sea ports: London, San Francisco-Reo De Janeiro, Cape Town, Kolkata and Sydney- Major Air ports- Tokyo, Paris, Chicago, Bogota and -Wellington

Physical features of India - Major features - Northern mountains, Indo – Gangetic-plains, Peninsular plateau of India and coastal plains- Major rivers of India - Perennial rivers- Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra-Non Perennial rivers- Narmada, Tapati, Mahanadi, -Godavari, Krishna, Pennar and Cauvery - Climate of India - Cold weather season: Temperature Rainfall &Pressure distribution Hot weather season- Temperature, Rainfall &Pressure distribution South west monsoon season- Temperature, Rainfall &Pressure distribution North east monsoon season: Temperature, Rainfall &Pressure distribution-Natural vegetation of India- Types of vegetation based on rainfall and their-distribution. Evergreen forest, deciduous forest, scrub -forest,& Thorny forest -Soils - Definition, factors for formation, types and - their distribution.

Population- Growth trends from 1901 to 2001, Distribution based-on density, problems of high population- Irrigation-Types of irrigation: canals, wells and tanks. Major -multipurpose projects. Bakranangal, Hirakud, -Damodar valley corporation and Nagarjuna Sagar- Agriculture: Cropped area, production and distribution of -selected crops: Rice, Wheat, Millets, Coffee, Tea, Sugarcane, Cotton, Jute and tobacco; Problems of Indian agriculture.

Minerals- Production and distribution of coal, petroleum, iron,mica and manganese, bauxite. Industries- Location factors growth and distribution of iron and steel, cotton textile and ship building industries- Transportation-Means of Transport – Road ways, Rail ways, Water - ways and Air ways; Major ports of India – Mumbai, -Cochin, Kandla, Kolkata, Visakhapatnam and Chennai.

Geography of Andhra Pradesh: Location, Physiography and Climate, Population.

History:

What is History: Definition - Scope – Sources – Historiography – Relationship with other Social Sciences – Impact of Geography on history - Relevance of History.

Ancient Civilizations and Culture : Pre Harappan Cultures - Harappan Civilization – Script, town planning, society, economy and culture - Vedic age and Post Vedic Culture.

Early States, Empires and Economy: Early States – 16 Mahajanapadas - Rise of Magadha – Economy and Agriculture – urbanization.

Early Societies, and religious movements: Early Societies – Social differences – Religious movements – Jainism – Buddhism and other sects Ajjivikas and Lokayats.

Polity, Economy, Society and Culture between 3rd to 7th Century A.D. :Mauryas - Kushanas – Guptas – Pushyabhuties – Origin of feudalism – Polity, Society, Economy and Culture.

Deccan and South India up to 8th A.D: Sangam age – Satavahanas – Pallavas – Chalukyas – Rastrakutas – Cholas – Polity, Society, Economy and culture.

Age of Delhi Sultanate: Sources/Travellers Accounts - Arab Invasions – Turkish invasions – Delhi Sultanate – Polity, Economy, Society and Culture.

Age of Mughals: Chronicles/Sources – Mughal rule – Babur, Humayun, Shershah, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan and Aurangazeb - Polity, Economy, Society and culture - Disintegration

- Maratas, Sikhs.

Bhakti and Sufi Traditions 8 A.D. 16 Century A.D: Prevailing Religious Traditions and beliefs in the Society – Bhakti Saints and their Preachings – Sufism – Main features and their impact.

Deccan and South India 8th A.D – 16 the A.D : Sources - Kakatiyas – Vijyanagara – Bahamanis – Qutbshahis and Asafjahis – a brief survey.

India under the Colonial Rule : Sources - Portuguese – Dutch – French – English East India Company – Era of Governor Generals and their Polices – Reforms of Viceroys – 1857 Mutiny.

Indian National Movement: Background to National Movement, Socio-religious movement – rise of Nationalism – Vandemataram movement – Home rule movement – Emergence of Mahatma Gandhi and leadership – Revolutionary movement, Subhash Chandra Bose – Poona Pact Quit India movement – Partition of India – Emergence of Independent India.

The Modern World- Beginning of Modern Age, Renaissance, Development in Science, The Reformation Movement, Rise of Nation States, Struggle against Absolute Monarchies - Capitalism and Industrial Revolution -The Revolutionary Movements -The Glorious Revolution, The American war of Independence, The French Revolution of 1789 - Nationalist Movements: Rise and fall of Napoleon, French Revolution of 1830 and the 1848 Revolt, Unification of Germany and Italy, Socialist Movements – Rise of Working class, Paris Commune of 1871

Imperialism: Factors in the rise of Imperialism, Forms and Methods of Imperialism, Scramble for Africa and Asia

Contemporary World: The First World war, League of Nations, The Russian Revolution of 1905 and 1917 -The World up to World War II: Rise of Fascism and Nazism, Militarism in Japan, U.S.A. and U.S.S.R. after World War I, Turkey after World War I, Failure of League of Nations, Spanish Civil war, World war II, The Nationalist Movements in Asia and Africa, Emergence of Latin America

The World after World War II: Formation of Military Blocks, Role of independent Nations of Asia and Africa in the World Affairs, Non-Alignment Movement, Role of UNO in preserving World Peace, Problems of Disarmament and Nuclear Weapons, Prominent Personalities of the World.

Civics:

Scope and Significance of political Science - Introduction to Civics and Political Science, Origin and Evolution, Meaning, Definitions, What do we study? Why do we study?

State - State – Meaning, Definitions, Elements, Relation of state with other Institutions – Society, Association, Government.

Nationalism - Nation, Nationality, Nationalism, Factors contributing for Nationality, Is India a Nation? Meaning, Forms (Traditional and modern)

law -Meaning, Definitions, Classification, Law and morality, Rule of Law. Liberty and Equality – Meaning, Definitions, Types, Safeguards, Liberty – Equality.

Rights and Responsibilities– Meaning, Definitions, functions Forms, Relationship between Rights and Responsibilities, Human Rights

Justice - Justice – Meaning, Forms of Justice, Social Justice.

Citizenship - Meaning, Definitions, Methods of Acquiring, Citizen – Alien , Loss of Citizenship, Hindrances to Good Citizenship, Universal Citizenship

Democracy- Meaning, Definitions, features, types, merits, devices, future

Secularism -Meaning, Secular State, Western Model, Indian Model, Why India was made a Secular State? Criticism of Indian Secularism

Constitution– Meaning, Definitions, features, Classification

Government - Unitary, Federal, Parliamentary, Presidential, Theory of Separation of Powers, Organs of Government

Indian Constitution: Indian National Movement- Government of India Acts – 1909, 1919 & 1935-

Salient features of Indian Constitution

Fundamental Rights &Directive Principles of State Policy- Fundamental Rights- Directive Principles of state Policy- Fundamental Duties

Union Government- Union Executive – President of India - Vice – President of India - Prime Minister & Council of Ministers

Indian Parliament - Lok Sabha-Composition – Powers and functions- Rajya Sabha: Composition – Powers and functions

Parliamentary Committees- Public Accounts Committee – Estimates -Committee – Committee on Public Undertakings

Union Judiciary - Supreme Court of India – Composition- Powers and Functions of Supreme Court -of India - Judicial Review

State Government- State Executive – Governor- Powers and Functions-Chief Minister - Powers and Functions- Council of Ministers State Legislature-Legislative Assembly- Composition – Powers and Functions- Legislative Council-Composition – Powers and Functions - Legislative Committees: Public Accounts Committee – Estimates-Committee and Ethics Committee

State Judiciary-High Court – Composition- Powers and Functions of High Court- District Courts: Composition – Powers and Functions.

Union – State Relations - Legislative Relations-Administrative Relations- Financial Relations

Local Government-Rural Local Government - Panchayati Raj Institutions – 73rd Constitution Amendment Act- Urban Local Government: Municipalities - Municipal Corporation – 74th Constitution Amendment Act- District Collector : Role in Local Governments

India’s Foreign Policy - Determinants of Foreign Policy- Basic features of India’s Foreign Policy-

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)

United Nation Organization (UNO)-Origin of UNO-Principal Organs of UNO- Achievements and failures of UNO Contemporary Trends and Issues- Globalization- Terrorism-Corruption.

Economics:

Origin and meaning of Economics - Definitions of Economics; Adam Smith, Alfred Marshall, Lionel Robbins, Paul Samuelson, & Jocob Viner- Concept of Economics – Micro & Macro Economics Deductive and Inductive Method, Static and Dynamic Analysis, Positive and Normative Economics. Goods: (Free, Economic, Consumer, Producer, and Intermediary), Wealth, Income, Utility, Value, Price, wants and welfare.

Theory of Consumption - Cardinal and Ordinal Utility, the law of Diminishing Marginal Utility – Limitations – Importance; law of Equi-Marginal Utility Limitations and – Importance of the Law, Indifference Curve Analysis – Properties and Consumer’s Equilibrium.

Theory of Demand - Meaning – Demand Function – Determinants of Demand, Demand Schedule – Demand Curve, Law of Demand, Exceptions to Law of Demand - Causes for the downward slope of the demand curve, Types of Demand – Price Demand, Income Demand, and Cross Demand- Elasticity of Demand – Meaning and Types – Price Elasticity, and Income Elasticity and Cross Elasticity – Price Elasticity-Types; Measurement of Price Elasticity of Demand- Point Method. Arc Method, Total Outlay Method. Determinants of Elasticity of Demand; Importance of Elasticity of Demand.

Theory of Production - Meaning - Production Function – Factors of Production; Short-run and Long-run Production Function; Law of variable proportions - Law of returns to scale; Economies of Scale - Internal and External- Supply – Supply Function - Determinants of Supply –– Law of Supply- Cost Analysis – Basic Concepts of Costs- (Money, Real, Opportunity, Fixed and Variable, Total, Average and Marginal costs)- Revenue Analysis – Revenue under perfect and imperfect competition.

Theory of Value - Meaning and Classification of Markets – Perfect competition – features – price determination- Short-run and Long-run equilibrium of a firm and Industry- Imperfect Competition – Monopoly – Price Determination – Price-Discrimination-Monopolistic Competition- Features- Meaning of Oligopoly – Duopoly.

Theory of Distribution - Determination of Factor Prices – Marginal Productivity Theory - Rent – Ricardian theory of Rent – Modern theory - Quasi Rent – Transfer earnings - Wages – Meaning and types of wages – Money and Real wages - Interest- Meaning – Gross and Net interests - Profits – Meaning – Gross and Net profits. 

National Income : Definitions of National Income and Concepts- Measurement of National Income – Census of Product Method – Census of Income Method – Census of Expenditure Method- Methods of Measuring National Income in India; Problems and importance

Macro Economic Aspects - Classical theory of Employment –J.B. Say Law of Markets- Limitations – J.M. Keynes Effective Demand- Public Economics - Public Revenue – Public Expenditure – Public debt – Components of Budget.

Money, Banking and Inflation - Money – Definitions and Functions of money – Types of Money - Banking – Commercial Banks – Functions; Central Bank – Functions – Reserve Bank of India – Net Banking- Inflation – Definitions – Types – Causes and Effects of inflation – Remedial Measures.

Statistics for Economics - Meaning, Scope and Importance of Statistics in Economics with Diagrams (Bar diagrams and Pie diagrams)-Measures of central tendency – Mean, Median, Mode.

Economic Growth And Development - Differences Between Economic Growth and Development classification of the world countries - Indicators of Economic development - Determinants of Economic Development - Characteristic features of Developed Countries - Characteristic features of Developing countries with special reference to India

Population and Human Resources Development - Theory of Demographic Transition - World Population - Causes of rapid Growth of population in India - Occupational distribution of population of India - Meaning of Human Resources Development - Role of Education and Health in Economic Development- Human Development Index (HDI)

National Income - Trends in the growth of India’s National Income - Trends in distribution of national income by industry Origin - Share of Public Sector and Private Sector in Gross Domestic Product - Share of Organised and Un-organised Sector in Net Domestic Product - Income Inequalities - Causes of Income Inequalities - Measures to control income inequalities -Unemployment in India – Poverty - Micro Finace-Eradication of Poverty

Agriculture Sector-Importance of agriculture in India - Features of Indian agriculture - Agriculture Labour in India - Land utilization pattern in India - Cropping pattern in India - Organic Farming -Irrigation facilities in India - Productivity of agriculture - Land holdings in India - Land reforms in India - Green Revolution in India - Rural credit in India - Rural Indebtedness in India - Agricultural

Marketing - Industrial Sector - Significance of the Indian Industrial Sector in Post –Reform Period -Industrial Policy Resolution 1948 - Industrial Policy Resolution 1956 - Industrial Policy Resolution 1991 - National Manufacturing Policy- Disinvestment - National Investment Fund (NIF) -Foreign Direct Investment -Special Economic Zones (SEZs) - Causes of industrial backwardness in India -Small Scale Enterprises (MSMEs) - Industrial Estates - Industrial Finance in India - The Industrial Development under the Five Year Plans in India.

Tertiary Sector - Importance of Services Sector -India’s Services Sector - State-Wise Comparison of Services - Infrastructure Development - Tourism - Banking and Insurance - Communication -Science and Technology - Software Industry in India

Planning And Economic Reforms - Meaning of Planning -NITI Ayog -Five Year Plans in India - XII Five Year Plan - Regional Imbalances - Role of Trade in Economic Development

- Economic Reforms in India - GATT – WTO

Environment and Sustainable Economic Development - Environment - Economic Development -Environment and Economic Linkages. - Harmony between Environment & Economy

Economy Of Andhra Pradesh - History of Andhra Pradesh - Characteristic features of A.P. Economy -Demographic features - Occupational distribution of labour - Health Sector - Education -Environment - Agricultural sector - Industrial sector - Service and Infrastructure sector - Information and Technology - Tourism -Andhra Pradesh and Welfare Programmes/ Schemes