AP DSC SCHOOL ASSISTANT SYLLABUS - PHYSICAL SCIENCE

                                                                                PART - I

1. General Knowledge And Current Affairs (Marks: 10)

PART - II

2. Perspectives In Education (Marks: 05)
   1. History of Education :
      • The Education in Ancient India - Pre-Vedic and Post-Vedic period, Medieval Education.
      • Education in Pre Independent era - Woods Despatch (1854), Hunter Commission (1882), Hartog Committee (1929), Sargent Committee (1944).
      • Education in Post Independent era - Mudaliar Commission (1952-53), Kothari Commission (1964-66), Ishwarbhai Patel committee (1977), NPE-1986, POA-1992
   2. Teacher Empowerment:
      • Need, interventions for empowerment, Professional code of conduct for teachers, Teacher motivation, Professional development of Teachers and Teacher organizations, National / State Level Organizations for Teacher Education, Maintenance of Records and Registers in Schools.
   3. Educational Concerns in Contemporary India:
      • Democracy and Education, Equality, Equity, Quality in Education, Equality of Educational opportunities.
      • Economics of Education, Education as Human Capital, Education and Human Resource Development, Literacy - Saakshar Bharat Mission.
      • Population Education, Gender - Equality, Equity and Empowerment of Women, Urbanization and migration, Life skills.
      • Adolescence Education
      • Value Education – Morel Value and Professional Eathics in Education.
      • Health and Physical Education
      • Inclusive Education - Classroom Management in Inclusive Education
      • Role of Education in view of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization
      • Programmes and Projects – APPEP, DPEP, Sarva Siksha Abhiyan, National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Level (NPEGEL), Rashtriya  Madhyamika     Siksha Abhiyan(RMSA), Rashtriya Aveshekar Abhiyan (RAA), KGBVs, Model  Schools.

• • • Incentives and special provisions – Mid Day Meals, Free Books, Scholarship, Awards, Welfare Hostels, Transportation.
    • Current Trends in Education 
  • Acts / Rights:
    • Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act - 2009
    • Right to Information Act - 2005
    • Child Rights
    • Human Rights.
  • National Curriculum - Framework, 2005: Perspective, Guiding Principles, Learning and Knowledge, Teaching Learning Process, Assessment, Systemic Reforms.
  • National Educational Policy-2020

3. Classroom implications of Educational Psychology – 05Marks
   1. Individual differences: Inter and intra individual differences, meaning, nature and theories of intelligence with special emphasis to multiple intelligence, IQ, assessment of intelligence, EQ, Creativity. Attitude, Aptitude, Interest, Habit and its Influence on Intelligence – Class room implementation.
   2. Learning: Theories and approaches of learning, learning curves, Factors, Phases, Dimensions of learning, Types of learning, Transfer of learning. Memory, Forgetting, Learning and assessment– Class room implementation.
   3. Personality: Nature, characteristics and theories of personality, factors of Personality, Assessment of Personality, Mental health, Adjustment, Stress – nature, Symptoms and management. Emotional intelligence, Management of emotions – Class room implementation.

PART - B

4. Content (Marks: 40) ( Class VI To Intermediate level syllabus)

(6 – 10 Classes)

1. 1. MEASUREMENT

Story of transport, Non- standard units of Measurements, Measuring the length of a Curved line, Measurement of length, area, volume and time. CGS and SI units of length, area, volume and time, Conversion of units from CGS to S.I and Vice versa.

1. 2. MOTION

Describing Motion, Motion and Rest, Motion Along a Straight Line, Types of motion (Translatory, Rotatory and oscillatory), Scalars and vectors, Distance, Displacement, Speed, Velocity, Average speed, Average velocity, Acceleration, Graphical Representation of Motion, Distance-Time Graphs, Velocity-Time Graphs, Uniform Motion and Non-Uniform Motion, Equations of Motion, Uniform Circular Motion, Laws of Motion, Balanced and Unbalance Forces, First Law of Motion, Inertia and Mass, Momentum, Second Law of Motion, Third law of motion.

1. 3. FORCE, FRICTION AND PRESSURE

Force – A Push or a Pull, Exploring Forces, Effect of Force on Objects, Types of forces (field force and contact force), Net force, Types of friction (static, Sliding and Rolling), Factors effecting Friction, Friction: A Necessary Evil, Increasing and Reducing Friction, Fluid friction, Pressure, Pressure Exerted by Liquids and Gases, Pressure of liquids at different depths, Atmospheric Pressure.

1. 4. GRAVITATION

Uniform circular motion, Universal law of gravitation, Free Fall, Acceleration due to Gravity, Motion of Objects Under the Influence of Gravitational Force of the Earth, Mass and Weight, Thrust and Pressure, Pressure in Fluids, Buoyancy, Floating and Sinking Objects, Archimedes’ Principle.

1. 5. WORK, ENERGY

Scientific Conception of Work, Work Done by a Constant Force, Energy, Forms of Energy, Kinetic Energy, Potential Energy, Mechanical Energy. Law of Conservation of Energy, Conversion of Energy from one form to another, Power and its units.

1. 6. SOUND

Sound - a form of energy, Production of sound, Some musical instruments, Sound Needs a Medium for Propagation, Human ear, Hearing Impairment, Noise and Music, Propagation of Sound, Types of waves (longitudinal and transverse), Characteristics of sound waves (Wavelength, Frequency, Time period, Speed of the wave), Relation between frequency and time period, Pitch, Loudness and Quality, Intensity of Sound, Speed Of Sound in Different Media, Reflection of Sound, Echo, Reverberation, Uses of Multiple Reflection of Sound, Range of Hearing, Infrasonic and Ultrasonics, Applications of Ultrasound, Sound pollution.

1. 7. HEAT

Heat and temperature, Transfer of Heat (Conduction, convection, radiation), Kinds of clothes we wear in summer and winter, Units of temperature (centigrade, Fahrenheit and Kelvin; Conversions), Expansion of liquids due to heat, Types of thermometers, Thermal equilibrium, Temperature and Kinetic energy, Specific Heat, Applications of Specific heat capacity, Principle of method of mixtures, Determination of Specific heat of a solid, Evaporation, Condensation, Humidity, Dew and Fog, Boiling, Latent heat of vapourisation, Melting, Latent heat of fusion, Freezing, Temperature- time graph.

1. 8. LIGHT

Light, Transparent, Opaque and Translucent Objects, Shadows and Images, Rectilinear Propagation of Light, A Pinhole Camera, Regular and Diffused Reflection, Reflection of light by plane surfaces (laws of reflection, periscope, multiple images, kaleidoscope, Characteristics of image formed by plane mirrors), Spherical Mirrors and Images, Spectrum, Wave nature of light, Fermat principle, Sign convention, Refraction, Refraction of Light at Plane Surfaces, Refractive index, Absolute refractive index, Relative refractive index, Snell’s law, Critical angle, Total Internal Reflection, Applications of total internal reflection, Mirages, Optical fibres, Refraction Through a Glass Slab, Lateral shift, Vertical shift, Refraction of Light at Curved Surfaces, Lenses, Terminology used in the case of lenses -Focal length, Focus, Optic Centre, Principal axis, Radius of curvature, Centre of curvature, Focal plane, Behaviour of certain light rays when they are incident on a lens, Images formed by lenses for various distances of objects, UV method, Lens formula, Lens maker’s formula, Human Eye, Least distance of distinct vision, Angle of vision, Myopia, Hypermetropia, Presbyopia, Care of the Eyes, Braille System, Visually Impaired Persons, Power of lens, Refractive index of a Prism, Dispersion of light through prism, Sunlight-Dispersion, Rainbow, Scattering of light.

1. 9. ELECTRICITY

Simple Electric circuit and its components, Conductors, Insulators, Type of cells (Dry and liquid), Electric symbols and uses,  Series and parallel connection of cells and bulbs, Heating effects of Electricity, Understanding of CFL, Fuse and MCBs, Chemical Effects Of Electric Current, Good/Poor Conducting Liquids, Electroplating, Magnetic Effects of Electric Current, Electromagnet, Electric bell, Electric current, Drude and Lorentz theory, Potential difference and EMF, Drift velocity and working of a cell, Ohm's law, Electric shock, Factors affecting the resistance, Series connection of resistors, Parallel Connection of resistors, Multi-meter, Kirchhoff’s laws, Sign convention in a circuit, Electric power, Power consumption, Electric energy, Overload.

1. 10. MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM

How Magnets were discovered, Magnetic and Non-Magnetic Materials, Types of Magnets, Poles of Magnet, Properties of Magnets, Storing magnets safely, Magnetic compass, Earth as a Magnet, Magnetic Induction, Oersted's experiment, Magnetic Field, Magnetic flux – Magnetic flux density, Magnetic field due to straight wire /circular coil/solenoid carrying current, Magnetic Force, Electric Motor, Electromagnetic induction, Faraday’s Law, Lenz Law, Applications of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, Induced current, Induced EMF, Electric generator, DC and AC currents, rms values.

1. 11. PRINCIPLES OF METALLURGY

Metallurgy, Occurrence of the metals in nature, Ores and Minerals, Extraction of metals, Activity series, Concentration or Dressing of the ore, Hand picking, Washing, Froth flotation, Magnetic Separation, Extraction of crude metal from the ore, Reduction of purified ore to the metal, Purification of the crude metal, Distillation, Poling, Liquation, Electrolytic refining, Corrosion, Prevention of corrosion, Thermite process, Smelting, Roasting, Calcination, Flux, Gangue, Blast furnace, Reverberatory furnace.

1. 12. CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS

Allotropes of Carbon, Amorphous forms, Crystalline forms, Diamond, Graphite, Buckminsterfullerene, Nanotubes, Versatile nature of Carbon, Catenation, Tetravalency, Hydrocarbons, Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, Homologous series, Isomerism, Functional groups, Nomenclature of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons, IUPAC names, Chemical properties of carbon compounds- Combustion, Oxidation reactions, Addition reactions,Substitution reactions, Ethanol, Ethanoic acid, Esters, Esterification Reactions, Soaps – Saponification and Micelles, Cleansing action of soap, Detergents.

1. 13. SOME NATURAL PHENOMENON

The Story of Lightning, charging by Rubbing, Electric charge and properties of electric charge, Types of charges and their interactions, Transfer of charge, lightning, lightning safety, lightning conductors, Earthquake, Tsunami, Causes and effects, Protective measures.

1. 14. STARS AND SOLAR SYSTEM

The Moon, The Moon’s Surface, Phases of Moon, Eclipses (Solar and lunar eclipses), The Stars, Movement of Stars (Constellation, pole star), Movement of the sun, Solar System, Planets and Some Other Members of the Solar System, Artificial Satellites.

1. 15. CHANGES AROUND US

Slow/fast changes, Temporary/permanent changes, Natural/man made changes, Physical/ chemical changes, Rusting of iron, Crystallisation, Galvanization, Corrosion, Rancidity, Oxidation / reduction

1. 16. MATTER

Objects Around Us, Properties of Materials, Physical Nature of Matter, Characteristics of Particles of Matter, States of matter, Properties of solids, liquids and gases, Change of state of Matter –effect of change of temperature and pressure, Evaporation, Factors Affecting Evaporation, Sublimation, Deposition, Boiling, Latent heat of vaporisation, Latent heat of fusion, Mixture, Types of Mixtures, Solutions., Properties of a Solution, Types of Solutions, Concentration of solution, Expressing Concentration of Solutions, Suspension, Properties of a Suspension, Colloidal Solution, Properties of a Colloid, Common examples of colloids, Mixtures, Methods of separation–handpicking, Threshing, Winnowing, Sedimentation, Decantation, Sieving, Filtration, Sublimation, Chromatography, Distillation and fractional distillation, Evaporation, Condensation, Use of more than one method of separation, Saturated and unsaturated solutions, Separation of immiscible liquids, Types of Pure Substances – Elements and Compounds.

1. 17. ATOMS AND MOLECULES

Laws of Chemical Combination - Law of Conservation Of Mass, Law of Constant Proportions, Atom, Symbols of Atoms of Different Elements, Atomic Mass, Atomicity, Valency, Molecule, Molecules Of Elements, Molecules Of Compounds, Ion – Cation & Anion, Polyatomic ions, Names and symbols of ions, Formation of ions, Writing Chemical Formulae, Molecular Mass, Molar mass, Formula Unit Mass, Structure of The Atom, Subatomic particles, Charged Particles in Matter, Thomson’s Model of an Atom, Rutherford’s Model of an Atom, Bohr’s Model of an Atom, Bohr-Sommerfeld model of an atom, Neutrons, Distribution of electrons into different Orbits, Atomic Number and Mass Number, Isotopes, Isobars, Atomic line spectra, Planck’s quantum theory, Quantum numbers, Shapes of orbitals, Electronic Configuration, Pauli Exclusion Principle, Aufbau principle, Hund’s Rule.

1. 18. CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS-THE PERIODIC TABLE

Dobereiner’s law of Triads, Newlands’ law of Octaves, Mendeleev’s Periodic Table, Modern Periodic Table, Periodic properties of the elements and their gradation in the modern periodic table.

1. 19. CHEMICAL BONDING

Lewis dot structures, Covalency, Electronic theory of valence by Lewis and Kossel, Octet rule, Ionic and Covalent bonds, Ionic and Covalent compounds, Bond lengths and Bond energies of covalent bonds, Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory, Valence bond theory, Hybridisation.

1. 20. METALS AND NON METALS

Physical Properties of Metals and Non-metals, Chemical Properties of Metals and Non-metals, Uses of Metals and Non-metals, Examples of metals and non-metals, Reactivity order of metals.

1. 21. SYNTHETIC FIBRES AND PLASTICS

Natural and Synthetic fibres, Preparation and uses, Types of Synthetic Fibres, Characteristics of Synthetic Fibres, Plastics as Materials of Choice, Types of plastics, Plastics and environment, Biodegradable – Non biodegradable materials.

1. 22. COAL AND PETROLEUM

Exhaustible and inexhaustible Resources, Fuels – Types, Coal, Story of Coal, Uses of Coal and Coal products, Refining of petroleum, Petrochemical products in various sectors, Various Constituents of Petroleum and their Uses, Formation of coal and petroleum, Natural Gas, Misuse of Energy resources and Consequences.

1. 23. COMBUSTION FUELS AND FLAME

Combustion, Types of Combustion, Ignition temperature, Inflammable substances, Flame, Fuel Efficiency, Burning of Fuels Leads to Harmful Products, Fire control, Structure of flame – colors zones – Intensities.

1. 24. AIR

Atmosphere, Components of air, Availability of oxygen to plants and animals, Replacement of Oxygen in the Atmosphere.

1. 25. ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS

Natural acid-base indicators, Synthetic acid-base Indicators, Olfactory indicators, Universal Indicator, Chemical properties of Acids and Bases, Reaction of Acids and bases with Metals, Reaction of Acids with carbonates and metal hydrogen Carbonates, Neutralization reaction, Reaction of Acids with metal oxides, Reaction of base with non-metal oxide, Production of H⁺ions and OH- ions, Electrical conductivity of Acids and Bases, Properties of Bases, Dilution, Strength of acid or base, pH scale, Importance of pH in everyday life, Self defense by animals and plants through chemical warfare, Family of salts, pH of Salts, Chemicals from common salt, Important product from chlor-alkali process and their uses, Water of crystallization, Common salt, Bleaching Powder, Baking soda, Washing soda, Plaster of paris, Gypsum, and their uses.

PHYSICS

• Physical World
• Units and Measurements
• Motion in a Straight Line
• Motion in a Plane
• Laws of Motion
• Work, Energy and Power
• System of Particles and Rotational Motion
• Oscillations
• Gravitation
• Mechanical Properties of Solids
• Mechanical Properties of Fluids
• Thermal Properties of Matter
• Thermodynamics
• Kinetic Theory
• Waves
• Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
• Wave Optics
• Electric Charges and Fields
• Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
• Current Electricity
• Moving Charges and Magnetism
• Magnetism and Matter
• Electromagnetic Induction
• Alternating Current
• Electromagnetic Waves
• Dual Nature Of Radiation And Matter
• Atoms

CHEMISTRY

• Atomic Structure
• Classification of Elements & Periodicity in Properties
• Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure
• States of Matter: Gases and Liquids
• Stoichiometry
• Thermodynamics
• Chemical Equilibrium & Acids-Bases
• Hydrogen & it’s compounds
• s-Block elements (Alkali & Alkaline Earth Metals)
• p-Block Elements Group 13 (Boron family)
• p-Block Elements Group 14 (Carbon family)

• Environmental Chemistry
• Organic Chemistry-Some Basic Principles & Techniques & Hydrocarbons
• Solid State
• Solutions
• Electrochemistry & Chemical Kinetics
• Surface Chemistry
• General Principles of Metalillurgy
• p-Block elements (Group-15,16,17,18 Elements)
• d & f Block Elements & Coordination Compoounds
• Polymers
• Biomolecules
• Chemistry in Everyday life
• Halo Alkanes & Haloarenes
• Organic Compounds containing C, H & O (Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, Aldehydes, Ketones & Carboxylic acids)
• Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen

V. Methodology (Marks: 20)

1. The Nature of Science: Nature and scope of science, Science, ideology and Society, Structure of Science (a) Substantive structure - Empirical knowledge, Theoretical Knowledge - (Facts, Concepts, hypothesis, theory, Principle Law), (b)Syntactic Structure of Science - Scientific inquiry, Processes of Science, Attitudes of inquiry
2. The History and Development of Science: A brief introduction to oriental and western science, Contribution of the following Scientists in the Development of Science: Aryabhatta, Bhaskara Charya, Aristotle, Copernicus, Newton, Einstein, C.V.Raman, Various organizations working for the development of science in India
3. Aims and Values of teaching Physical Sciences: Aims of teaching Physical Sciences, Values of teaching Physical Science, Correlation of Physics and Chemistry with other subjects
4. Objectives of Teaching Physical Sciences: Meaning and importance of objectives, Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational objectives, Specific / Behavioral objectives / (Instructional objectives), Critique on Bloom's Taxonomy
5. Approaches and Methods of teaching Physical Sciences: Inductive and Deductive Approaches, Micro Teaching, Team Teaching, Lecture Method, Lecture cum Demonstration Method, Historical Method, Heuristic Method, Project Method, Laboratory method, Problem Solving Method, Scientific Method, Multimedia Approach in Teaching Learning process, Programmed Learning, CAI and CAL
6. Planning for effective instruction in Science: Year Plan, Unit Plan, Lesson Plan, Learning experience, characteristics, classification, source and relevance.
7. Teaching Learning Material (TLM): Characteristics and Importance of TLM, Classification and Types of TLM, Hardware and Software in TLM, TLM-Principles to be followed, Edgar Dale's cone of learning experience.