Social Issues

UNIT-5
Social Issues

A. Reading:
The Storeyed House (Part-I)
Bayaji, a retired coolie of Bombay dockyard returned to his village by bus. He greets Bhujaba at Kadam’s house. Bhujaba become furious on him. Because Bhujaba belongs to the upper caste, Bayaji belongs to the lower caste (untouchable-mahar). Bhujaba warns him to remember the position. Bayaji reaches his home. His mother, children, grand children felt happy to see him. All of them tried to search his box, for the gifts.

He says “Look children, ours is a large family. Even at meal time, we’ve to eat by turns or set crowded, knocking our knees together. I wish to build a house out of my earnings, and it has to be a storeyed house; the usual three-portioned house won’t be adequate for us.”
They laid foundation for it.



Glossary
Momentum (n) : impetus gained by movement.
Reluctantly (adv) : unwillingly
Truant child (n) : a child (a student) who stays away from school without Leave or permission
Lurch (n) : sudden movement
Helter -skelter (adv): in disorderly haste
Heaved (v) : uttered (a sigh)
Grunted (v) : made a low, rough sound (expressing disagreement, boredom or irritation)
Dockyard (n) : place where ships are built and repaired
Sturdy (adj) : strong and solid; vigorous
Mahar (n) : a Dalit community in Maharastra (their main occupations are wall mending, sweeping or agricultural labour)
Sundry (adj) : various; several
Nonplussed : so confused that one does not know what to say or do.
Hostility (n) : enmity; ill will
Mumbled (v) : said indistinctly
Pleasantries (n) : jocular or humorous remarks
Scampered (v) : ran quickly

Idioms, Phrases and Phrasal Verbs
Come up (phr.v) : reach a particular point / approach / draw near
goddammit (phr) : an expression used to show that one is angry or annoyed
Get down (phr.v) : descend / come down / move down / go down
Put... together (phr.v): assemble / bring together / used unitedly
Initial momentum (phr): basic movement
With ease (phr) : easily / without much effort
Hang around (phr. v): stay in a place
Day and night (phr.): all the time
Sound health (phr) : having the impression of keeping good health
Humble salutations (phr): a polite expression of greeting people
Knock down (phr. v): hit and injure someone
Spring on (phr.v) : throw / jump / make one responsible / blame
Set foot (idiom) : enter some place
Fund amount (phr): the total amount of money that has been saved
At leisure (idm) : at one’s convenience / when somebody is free (not busy)
Mock sympathy (phr) : insincere or pretending feeling of sharing other’s emotions
Idle curiosity (phr) : wanting to know something for no specific reason
Gave out (phr.v) : made (a sound)
Had been married off (v.phr): got married
Looked after (phr.v) : took care / managed
Lifetime’s earnings (phr) : money saved in life
Ran one’s (his) eyes (idiom) : looked quickly at the whole of something
Wear out (phr.v) : become damaged
Eat by turns (phr) : eat one after another (There is no sufficient space or room in the house to sit all at one time so they eat one after another)

B. Reading:
The Storeyed House
(Part-II)
Bayaji gave contract to Dattaram. The news spread all over the village. Village head, Kondiba warned him to not to construct storeyed house. Many people threatened him. So he abandoned the plan and went for conventional three portioned house. The house was completed and traditional house warming ceremony was planned. He sent invitation to near and dear. Ceremony became grand success with food and bhajan songs. Village heads refused to take meal. Suddenly new house caught fire. With in short time the fire burnt the whole building. All the people ran away but Bayaji was in the house. Bayaji was burnt all over and died. In his last wards he asks his sons to build a storeyed house as his last wish. After the funeral, all his sons start digging for a storeyed house.



Glossary
Trenches (n) : ditches dug in the ground
Ventured (v) : took the risk of
Faltered (v) : spoke in hesitating manner
Ruffians (n) : violent, cruel men
Troupes (n) : companies of actors or singers
Engrossed (adj) : gave all attention to something absorbed
Thug (n) : violent criminal
Seasoned (adj) : having a lot of experience of doing something
Ambience (n) : environment; atmosphere
Swayed (v) : moved
Refuge (n) : shelter or protection
Frantic (adj) : wildly excited with pain or anxiety
Agony (n) : great pain or suffering
Collapsed (v) : fell down
Calamity (n) : great and serious misfortune or disaster
Dampened (v) : made sad or dull

Idioms, Phrases and Phrasal Verbs
Cry from the rooftops (idiom) : public announcement
Untouchable creature (phr) : a person who cannot be touched/ a person considered to be the lowest social group
Lose your (one’s) head (idiom) : not to have control of your emotions
Set aside (phr.v) : save something for a particular purpose/ save
Turn one’s (your) head (idiom) : cause to become proud or arrogant
Breath last (idiom) : die
Go in for (phr.v) : have an interest in / like / make a choice / choose something
Shot (shoot) out (phr.v) : went (go) out
Looked forward (phr. v) : expected/ hoped
At the sight of (phr) : on seeing
Betel leaves (phr) : leaves offered in ceremonies in Hindu culture (tamalapaakulu)
Untouchable worm (phr) : an untouchable person who is not liked (here– Bayaji was called untouchable worm)
Swollen head (phr) : a person who thinks that he is more important than he really is
Gathered momentum (phr) : gained speed and force/ increased level
Dropped off (phr.v) : fell asleep
In full swing (idiom) : moving quickly forward/ at the peak of the activity
Rose up (phr.v) : increased
Rent (rend) the air (idiom) : sound piercingly/ disturb sharply with loud noise
Took place (idiom) : occurred/ happened
Caught (catch) fire (idiom) : ignited (ignite)
Put out (phr.v) : extinguish/ stop burning
Trapped creature (phr) : Here the ‘creature’ was Bayaji. He was caught (trapped) in fire.
Came down (phr.v) : fell down
Gulped down (phr.v) : controlled emotions by swallowing hard
Calmed down (phr.v) : stopped being angry or emotionally excited
Sobbing.... heart out (phr) : crying / weeping a lot
Pained at heart (phr) : The feelings of sadness touched their hearts.
Rest in peace (idiom) : an expression used to wish eternal peace and rest to someone who has died

C. Reading:
Abandoned
(Poem)
It is a poem on abandoned baby by Dr. Suraya Nasim. It is a free verse using all fierce words to expose the cruelty of the society to abandon a baby into a garbage bin.

A just born baby is abandoned in a garbage bin, surrounded by mosquitoes, insects and rats. Rats were eating the tiny parts of the baby. At the time a cat jumped there. All the cries of the baby were unheard due to the sounds of rats, insects and cat. The poet questions the society through the readers that “only sin of the baby was just born as human being?”



Glossary
Abandoned (v) : left something or somebody forever.
Irradiating (v) : sending rays of light upon; light up
Shriek (n) : short, loud high cry
Hysteria (n) : uncontrolled excitement
Eerie (adj) : causing a feeling of mystery and fear.
Destiny (n) : power believed to control events
crap (n) : solid waste
Cyanosed (adj) : a deep greenish blue coloured
Gnawing (v) : biting steadily at something

SYNONYMS
Nonplus : astonish, bewilder, confound, wonder, confuse
Persist : continue, endure, last, remain, persevere
Swindle : cheat, con, cozen, deceive, defraud, dupe, embezzle
Agony : anguish, distress, pain, pangs
Calamity : adversity, catastrophe, disaster, distress
Aspiration : aim, ambition, craving, longing
Wail : bemoan, deplore, lament, mourn, cry, weep
Abandon : abdicate, abjure, leave, relinquish
Chaos : anarchy, confusion, disorder, confusion
Filthy : dirty, nasty, defiled, foul

ANTONYMS
Reluctant x ready, willing
Obstinate x obedient, yielding

Summative Assessment Paper-1 13E
Time: 2 Hours 45 Minutes Marks: 40
Section – A:
Reading Comprehension
(Questions 1-7): Read the following excerpt from “Rendezvous with Ray”.
There was something really wrong with the State Transport bus. It had come up the winding road in the mountain as if with a life-time effort. The road was now down-hill and yet the bus moved as slowly as a sick man walking with the help of another. It reached the plain where the dispensary building was situated, and stood still, like an obstinate bull. Now, the destination was hardly a mile or two away. But the driver was sore and the conductor had no option but to be silent. When they realized that the bus wouldn't move any faster, a couple of passengers exclaimed: "Goddammit for a bloody nuisance!"

The conductor asked the passengers to get down and they all put their strength together to push the bus. Having gained this initial momentum, the bus started. Passengers clambered up, jostling one another. The conductor rang the bell and the bus gradually took on speed. It entered the village reluctantly like a truant child being dragged to school. As it wound its way through the curves on the outskirts, it groaned and croaked like a hen about to lay eggs, and stopped with a bang in front of Bhujaba Patil's residence. As it halted, it gave abig lurch, sending the passengers helter-skelter, churned like water in a pitcher when the carrier stumbles.

All the passengers got down.
The coolie put his hand on a huge wooden box and shouted, 'Whose box is this?' Bayaji, who was brushing away the dust from his body, answered, 'Oh, it's mine, please lower it down.' The coolie heaved and grunted as he lowered the box which Bayaji caught with ease.

Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. (4x1=4 marks)

 

1. The bus moved as slowly as a sick man walking. What is the meaning of the expression ‘sick man walking’?
   A. Just sitting without walking
   B. Walking with the help of sticks
   C. Moving very slowly
   D. Walking steadily
   
2. Why the conductor asked passengers to get down?
   A. Because their last stop came
   B. For checking tickets
   C. to go on other bus due to the bus breakdown
   D. to push the bus
   
3. It entered the village reluctantly… Why it is reluctant?
   A. It is afraid of entering Bhujaba Patil’s village
   B. Because the roads are curved, dusty and narrow
   C. There is only one passenger to get down
   D. It is the village of untouchables
   
4. What type of text is the passage?
   A. Narrative
   B. Description
   C. Biographical sketch
   D. Report
   
   Answer the following questions in two or three sentences. (3x2=6 marks)
   
5. Why the coolie heaved and grunted as he lowered the box which Bayaji caught with ease?
6. Writer used many similies to the bus in the passage. What are they?
7. Passage reflecting village roads and busses. Are they still in the same view or changed? Why?
   
   (Questions 8-12): Read the following poem.
   Abandoned
   Abandoned to the garbage bin,
   With mosquitoes and insects
   eating its tiny fingers away,
   Little baby crying for help
   as foul smells make its play,
   irradiating from disposed bacteria.
   Unheard shrieks of the baby's hysteriav
   die in eerie silence of the night,
   "An outcast of destiny"
   Its labored breath
   racing in quick gasps
   forced lonely like crap
   with cyanosed lips
   sea-blue nose and finger-tips,
   Its tattered and torn dirty wrap
   make it shiver in freezing grasp.
   A filthy black cat
   edges on to the holed bin
   searching for easy rats
   And finds its food
   tearing at the babe's hair
   with their sharp teeth
   gnawing at its ears
   to complete their feed,
   As the cat jumps in
   with a screeching meow
   the rats let loose
   a clicking squeak
   A bloody chaos ensues,
   The only sin of the infant-
   BEING BORN.
   - Dr. Suraya Nasim
   
   Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. (3x1=3 marks)
   
   
8. What type of poem is this?
   A. tragic
   B. nature poetry
   C. love
   D. devotional
   
9. Which of the following statement is false?
   A. The rats were eating the baby
   B. The baby was dead by the time the cat came
   C. The rats left the baby to the cat
   D. The baby was in dust bin
   
10. ‘Easy rats’ here means….
    A. Easily available rats
    B. The rats that move easily
    C. The rats that are caught easily
    D. lazy rats
    
    Write answers for the given questions in one or two sentences (2x1=2 marks)
    
11. Why do people abandon the babies?
    
12. Do you feel this poem is heart-rending? Why?
    
    Section – B:
    Vocabulary & Grammar
    (Questions 13-17): Read the passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered (13-17) at the beginning. Each of these sentences has an error. Correct and rewrite them in the answer booklet. (5x1=5 marks)
    Bayaji was frantic. He ran around crying, 'My house, my storeyed house! It's on fire. (13)My enemy has took revenge on me.' He entered the roaring flames, crying 'My House, my house.' (14)He climbed up, pulled the pictures of Buddha and Babasaheb from the walls and hurled him down. As he was about to come down the stairs, it crumbled down in flames. (15) People pulled up water from a nearby well to run the dreadful fire but it could not be easily contained. 'Bayaji, jump down, quick, jump,' people shouted. (16)Women and children were crying but screaming. Now that the staircase had collapsed, no one could go up. (17)Scorched in the flames, Bayaji ran around like a trap creature, howling all the time, 'My house, my house!'
    
    (Questions 18-22): Complete the passage choosing the right word from those given below it. Each blank is numbered and for each blank has four choices (A), (B), (C) or (D) given. Choose the correct answer from these choices and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. (5x1=5 marks)
    
    Bayaji's wife was sobbing her heart out, crying …………………. (18), 'Who's done this evil to us? Let the house burn to cinders. Save ……………. (19) husband first!'
    
    The entire family was shattered……………. (20) the calamity. The spirits of all the men ………………… (21) dampened like a cooking fire on which water has been poured.
    
    In the morning the village officers and witnesses visited the place to record the facts of …………… (22) accident. 'Bayaji's death was the result of an accident due to a petromax flare-up,' was their conclusion.
    
    
13. A. repeat
    B. repeated
    C. repeatedly
    D. repeating
    
14. A. her
    B. my
    C. one’s
    D. mine
    
15. A. by
    B. from
    C. of
    D. about
    
16. A. is
    B. are
    C. was
    D. were
    
17. A. a
    B. an
    C. the
    D. no article
    
    Section C:
    Creative Writing (Discourses)
    
    
    
    (Question 23): Even in 21st Century Dalits are not allowed to temples in some parts of India. Look at the above news report. Imagine that there was heated argument before arrest. Write an imaginary conversation on this.
    Or
    Imagine that you are eye witness to the incident. Narrate the incident. (10 marks)
    
    (Question 24): You read the story “The Storeyed House” as part of your syllabus. Write an e-mail to your friend and share your feelings on the story. (5marks)

Paper –I
Answers
Section-A:

1. C
2. D
3. B
4. A
5. The coolie heaved and grunted because the box was heavy. Bayaji worked in a dockyard. Because of regular practice he can lift heavy loads. So he caught the box with ease.
6. He used three similies. They are sick man walking with the help of another, a hen about to lay eggs and stumbling pitcher carrier.
7. Not all but many village roads and village busses are same as mentioned in the passage. Transport departments always concentrate o profitable city areas. They should concentrate on villages.
8. A
9. C
10. D
11. May be poverty or illegal relations. Due to the superstitions that girl child not accepted in certain families.
12. Yes. The theme itself is pathetic. Poet used the language such a manner to melt hardcore hearts.
    
    Section-B:
    
13. Has took revenge - has taken revenge
14. Hurled him down - hurled them down
15. To run the dreadful fire - to put out the dreadful fire
16. Crying but screaming - crying and screaming
17. like a trap creature - like a trapped creature.
18. C
19. B
20. A
21. D
22. C
    
    Section-C:
    
23. CONVERSATION
    Priest: Stop who are you? Where are you from?
    Dalit-1: We are neighbouring village people. We came here to pray and offer pooja to our beloved God.
    Priest: You are not looking like Savarnas. What are you actually? Are you Dalits?
    Dailt-2: Yes sir, we are Dalits. But we all are devotees of lord Vishnu. Kindly give an opportunity for darshan.
    Priest: How dare you to enter this sacred temple. You are untouchables. You are not allowed.
    Dalit-3: Sir, We are also human beings. We are also Hindus. Why shouldn’t we enter the temple?
    Priest: I don’t accept. Go to hell. This is the custom here.
    (People went and came with a leader)
    Leader: Who stopped these devotees entering into the temple? Untouchability is a crime. All are equal. Dalits have same right as others. One cannot deny their constitutional right.
    
    Priest: Sir, These people are Dalits according to temple customs we don’t allow them.
    Leader: Who are you to stop us? Come all of us let us enter the temple by force.
    
    (Police van comes there)
    Police officer: Arrest all these people. Here the place is under 144 section. Gathering or shouting slogans is a crime.
    (Policemen arrested Dalits and their leader)
    Dalits: We want justice, we want justice!
    NARRATION
    There is a famous Vishnu temple in Uthapuram village near Madurai in Tamil Nadu. People believed that it has magical powers and can solve all the problems of devotees. One day many people from the village came there. But the priest stopped them. The priest told them that Dalits were not allowed into the temple as per their temple customs. People argued that they were also devotees of the same lord and had right to offer pooja.
    
    Priest stopped them at the entrance with the help of temple authorities. Dalits pleaded the priest in the beginning. After some time they shouted angrily. They went back. Temple authorities felt happy.
    
    Soon they (Dalits) came back under a leadership of a local politician as a procession to enter temple. Again temple priest and authorities objected them. The politician argued that they had constitutional right to enter temple. He said, “Objecting them comes under untouchability and it is a crime.” Even then they were not allowed. Situation becomes worst. It is just like a war between two groups.
    
    A police team came at the moment. Police offer announced that the temple surroundings were under 144 section. He arrested the Politician and Dalits for violating it by taking procession and shouting slogans. They were shifted by a van to the police station. They all started shouting slogans “We want justice”, “All are equal”, “We have right to enter temple”.
    
    All these things happened in an hour. Now the matter is in the court.
    
    
24. Email letter
    

    To	kavithakalapala@gmail.com
    From	raghunandana@yahoo.com
    Date	10-03-2015
    Subject	My views on “The Storeyed House” story
    Content Dear Kavitha, Doing well and with to know the same from you. You are not resoponding to the Face-book. Be in touch with our friends. Recently I read a story titled “The Storeyed House”. It’s an amazing story. It is written by a Marathi writer, Waman Govind Hoval. The story in brief… ‘Bayaji was a mahar by caste, comes to his village after his retirement. He starts a storeyed house. The village head, Bhujaba burnt it into ashes. Bayaji’s death in the accident is pathetic. His sons start working to build storeyed house.’ The style of narration mixing human emotions, questioning the inequalities of the society and presentation style are heart touching. You should read such great stories. I definitely believe you will love this story. Any how you read and reply. Convey my regards to your parents. Your loving friend, XXXX

    
    
    

1. How did Oliver feel when he was told to appear before the live board?
   A. laughed
   B. cried
   C. astonished
   D. excited
   
2. What is the meaning of the ‘board’ in this passage?
   A. black board
   B. sign board
   C. directors of an organization
   D. An office room
   
3. Who are the fat gentle men?
   A. policemen
   B. judges
   C. criminals
   D. members of the board
   
4. As per the passage, the boy was ……………….
   A. a fool
   B. an orphan
   C. a child labour
   D. an intelligent
   
   Answer the following questions in two or three sentences. (3x2=6 marks)
   
5. Why did Oliver tremble and cry in the white-washed room?
6. “What is that, sir?” inquired poor Oliver. What does “that” refer to?
7. Do you find orphan children like Oliver around you? How would you help them?
   
   (Questions 8-12): Read the following passage.
   Romesh was fourteen years old. He left his widowed mother and three younger sisters back in Bihar. He took up a long travel of hundreds of miles to find a new future. He reached Hyderabad, one of the main cities in India.
   
   On reaching the city, he found that the streets were not paved with gold. Finding a job was not an easy task. Cursed by hunger, he joined a group of rag pickers. He started working early in the morning and toiled until late evening, only to earn a mere Rs. 10 a day. Life was not a dream for him.
   
   Luckily, he got a helping hand from “The Child Line” when some rescuer called 1098 helpline. Romesh is now one of the beneficiaries of Telangana State based project for the Elimination of Child Labour.
   
   Now, answer the following questions. Each question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. (3x1=3 marks)
   
   
8. From which place to which place Romesh travelled?
   A. Hyderabad to Bihar
   B. Bihar to Hyderabad
   C. All main cities in India
   D. Hundreds of miles
   
9. The word “toiled” means …………………
   A. worked more laboriously
   B. walking all the day
   C. cleaning toilets
   D. taking rest in the evening
   
10. What is 1098?
    A. a help line phone number for elimination of child labour
    B. a secret code to identify street children
    C. Registration number of “The Child Line”
    D. Phone number of state based project for elect child labour
    
    Write answers for the given questions in one or two sentences (2x1=2 marks)
    
    
11. Why did Romesh come to Hyderabad?
12. Luckily, he got a helping hand from “The Child Line”. If it is not happened, what would be the future of Romesh?
    
    Section-B:
    Vocabulary and Grammar
    (Questions 13-17): Read the following passage given below focusing on the underlined parts and answer the questions given at the end as directed. (5x1=5 marks)
    
    The members of this board were very wise (13) and philosophical men. As they turned their attention to the workhouse, they discovered that it was a regular place of public entertainment (14) for the poorer classes. It was the place where they had breakfast, dinner, tea and supper (15) all the year and free; where it was all play and no work. This was really shocking state of affairs, they were of the opinion that the poorer (16) should be given only two alternatives: Either to starve quickly outside the workhouse, or gradually inside the house. View, they decided that the inmates of the workhouse would be issued (17) three meals of thin gruel a day, with an onion twice a week.
    
    
13. Choose an appropriate antonym from the given options.
    A. foolish
    B. unwise
    C. wiseless
    D. wisefree
    
14. Choose the verb form from the given options.
    A. entered
    B. entertain
    C. enter
    D. entertainmented
    
15. What is the appropriate meaning for the word ‘supper’?
    A. super lunch
    B. night meal
    C. light food in the evening
    D. suffer with fasting
    
16. Choose the correct form of the word.
    A. poorest
    B. pooring
    C. poored
    D. poor
    
17. Choose an appropriate synonym from the options.
    A. quarreled
    2B. designed
    C. served
    D. delivered
    
    (Questions 18-22): Complete the passage choosing the right word from those given below it. Each blank is numbered and for each blank has four choices (A), (B), (C) or (D) given. Choose the correct answer from these choices and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) in your answer booklet. (5x1=5 marks)
    
    Finally, …………………….. (18) advocacy, SOS Children’s Villages aims ……….. (19) improve the overall framework conditions for children …………….. (20) parents cannot take care of them, or who are at risk of lasing the care of their families. Successful advocacy, based on their experience as a practitioner, brings about changes in policies ………………… (21) practices that weaken children’s rights leads to sustainable changes to improve the situation for children and families …………………… (22).
    
    
18. A. thorough
    B. throw
    C. threw
    D. through
    
19. A. of
    B. for
    C. to
    D. from
    
20. A. where
    B. whose
    C. When
    D. which
    
21. A. and
    B. or
    C. but
    D. also
    
22. A. anywhere
    B. somewhere
    C. everywhere
    D. nowhere
    
    Section C:
    Creative Writing
    (Discourses)
    (Question 23): Write an essay on untouchability.
    Or
    Write a letter of complaint to SI of police on any untouchability incident you witnessed.
    (10 marks)
    (Question 24): Prepare an awareness poster on “Child Labour”. (5 marks)

Paper –II
Answers
Section-A:

1. C
2. C
3. D
4. B
5. Oliver did not know what the live board was. He was frightened on seeing so many gentlemen in the room. The beadle gave Oliver a tap on his back with a cane. So he trembled and cried in the white-washed room.
6. ‘That’ refers to the word, “Orphan”. He doesn’t know the meaning of the word. So he asked them.
7. Yes, there are two orphan children near our colony. I would help them by giving my used clothes and my used books.
8. B
9. B
10. A
11. His family condition was very bad. So he came to Hyderabad to search for a job.
12. Romesh would continue as a child labour. He has to bear all the sufferings of child labour.
    
    Section-B
    
13. A
14. B
15. B
16. A
17. C
18. D
19. C
20. B
21. A
22. C
    
    Section-C
    
23. ESSAY ON UNOTUCHABILITY
    Untouchability is a direct product of the caste system. It is not merely the inability to touch a human being of a certain caste or sub-caste. It is an attitude on the part of a whole group of people that relates to a deeper psychological process of thought and belief, invisible to the naked eye, translated into various physical acts and behaviours, norms and practices.
    
    Untouchability is prompted by the spirit of social aggression and the belief in purity and pollution that characterises casteism. It is generally taken for granted that Dalits are considered polluted people at the lowest end of the caste order. The jobs considered polluting and impure are reserved for Dalits, and in many cases Dalits are prevented from engaging in any other work. These jobs include removing human waste (known as “manual scavenging”), dragging away and skinning animal carcasses, tanning leather, making and fixing shoes, and washing clothes. They are supposed to reside outside the village so that their physical presence does not pollute the “real” village. Not only are they restricted in terms of space, but their houses are also supposed to be inferior in quality and devoid of any facilities like water and electricity.
    
    Untouchability is present in nearly every sphere of life and practiced in an infinite number of forms. At the village level Dalits are barred from using wells used by non-Dalits, forbidden from going to the barber shop and entering temples, while at the level of job recruitment and employment Dalits are systematically paid less, ordered to do the most menial work, and rarely promoted. Even at school, Dalit children may be asked to clean toilets and to eat separately.
    
    The 1950 national constitution of India legally abolishes the practice of "untouchability," and there are constitutional reservations in both educational institutions and public services for Dalits. Unfortunately, these measures have not changed the reality of daily life for most Dalits, as the Indian government frequently tolerates oppression and open discrimination aimed at this group. Dalits usually live in separate areas away from the caste Hindu communities, and they are often forbidden to access public wells. In many areas, when Dalits eat in public restaurants or patronize street vendors, they must use a special glass for drinking tea or coffee to prevent sharing between Dalits and caste Hindus.
    
    We should aware of the social justice. All are equal. Encouraging inter-caste marriages and caste less society may be a permanent solution for this.
    
    

    Letter of Complaint
    

    From
    Neelam Srinivasulu,
    H.No. 3-21, Indiranagar,
    Manchiryala, Adilabad Dist.
    To
    The Sub Inspector of Police,
    Manchiryala Police Station,
    Adilabad District.
    Sir,
    Sub: complaint on practising untouchability at hotel Sridevi in Manchiryala outskirts.
    @@@
    This is a serious problem to be solved. Untouchability is already banned as per constitution. Still many villages are practicing that inhuman and age old custom.
    
    Hotel Sridevi is a famous hotel adjacent to West Manchiryala. Nearby village people come there regularly. Yesterday I went there on some personal work. There the hotel server was asking the customers about their caste and serving tea in two different glasses.
    
    I enquired the server about this. He said that he has been practicing for many years. At that time an old man of higher caste interrupted me and abused Dalits.
    
    This two glasses system is inhuman. It comes under practice of untouchability. The money given by any customer is of same value. So why this discrimination?
    
    Hence I request you take necessary action against this. Order the hotels not to practice two-glass system.
    
    

    Thanking you Sir,
    

    Yours faithfully,
    XXXX

    
    
24.